The subject: “ANATOMY, Histology, General Pathology and Pathomorphology skin, skin dise»ases framework for the diagnosis, factors contributing to diseases
The subject: “ANATOMY, Histology, General Pathology and Pathomorphology skin, skin dise»ases framework for the diagnosis, factors contributing to diseases
The main tasks of dermatology as a science and clinical disciplines are: studying the function and structure of skin in normal and pathological. Studying the relationship of skin diseases with pathology of internal organs and body systems. Determining the causes and pathogenesis of various skin diseases (dermatosis). Development of methods for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases.
Leather is one of the key bodies involved in maintaining homeostasis rights. As a result, the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the skin, it can develop pathological processes. In the skin distinguish the following structures in the morphofunctional unity.
- Epidermis - dermis - gipoderma - skin appendages. The epidermis, dermis, and composed of gipoderma: epidermis - epithelial - dermis - connective - gipoderma - fat and connective.
In the epidermis of allocating processes associated with changes in epidermal kinetics (hyperkeratosis, granulosis, acanthosis), in violation of the differentiation of cells of epidermis (parakeratosis, diskeratoz), in violation of epidermal connections (akantoliz, ballooning and vakuolnaya dystrophy, spongioz) papillomatosis, a violation of the skin microcirculation.
Fundamentals of diagnosis of skin diseases.
Polymorphous skin rash is the response of the organism, which has its own characteristic clinical features. There are basic elements of the morphological nature of inflammation: - exudation - proliferatio. To primary morphological elements include: a stain, papula, tuberculum, bulla, vesicular, urtica, pustule. By the primary elements include exssudation- bulla, vesicular, pustule, urtica (suspended). For the primary proliferative elements include: papula, tuberculum, the node. By the secondary elements are: dishromii skin peeling, crusta, erosion, ulcer, lihenifikatsiya, vegetation, rhagas, excoratio, cicatrix.
Examination and diagnosis.
Examination of skin lesions and hearth with the help of a magnifying glass, palpation, scratches (grattazh), symptom vitropressii (diascopy) specialized laboratory research methods for diagnosis. Microscopic examination, detection of allergic reactions through skin tests, specific studies of blood, immunodiagnostics etc.
Factors contributing to the disease:
As a result, the impact of exogenous and endogenous factors on the skin, it can develop pathological processes: the exogenous factors that may cause a pathological condition of the skin: - Physical: friction, pressure, high and low temperature, radiation and other energy - chemical, infectious: bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, protozoa. Endogenous factors that can cause skin diseases are: - a violation of the balance of vitamins A, C, set in - a violation of metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, mineral) - chronic gastro intestinal tract, dysfunction of endocrine glands - sensibilization organism to various agents of the environment - genetic predisposition, immune deficiency and autoimmune processes - organic and functional disorders of nervous system.
