Ecology monitoring System in Uzbekistan: Environmental monitoring is one of the primary operations of the state committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for ecology and environment protection. Main functionalities of Environmental monitoring include:
monitoring of atmospheric air, surface water and soil pollution (emission) sources;
monitoring of atmospheric air pollution;
monitoring of surface water pollution;
monitoring of the quality composition of collector-drainage waters;
monitoring of groundwater pollution;
monitoring of dangerous geological processes;
land pollution monitoring;
monitoring of flora and fauna;
sanitary and hygienic monitoring of the environment; - background monitoring.
Environmental monitoring is carried out according to the program of state monitoring of the natural environment, which is approved by the Cabinet of Ministers and revised at least once every 5 years. The state monitoring of the natural environment is specially organized and includes regular monitoring of the state of environment (quantity and quality measurement, sampling, analysis, observation at points, photography, inspection, research and remote monitoring) and:
physical, chemical, geological and biological processes and factors of impact on the environment;
state of pollution of atmospheric air, surface and underground water, soil and geological environment;
includes identification, evaluation and forecasting of changes in the state of flora and fauna, their change (transformation) under the influence of various anthropogenic and natural factors.
Assessment of the state of the natural environment is carried out by comparing the obtained indicators with the norms of the quality of the natural environment and taking into account possible environmental damage. Currently, environmental monitoring is carried out at 390 industrial enterprises, 68 surface water points, 87 water discharge collectors, 1694 underground water wells, 74 springs and 61 atmospheric air monitoring stations.
According to the results, during the 9 months of 2020, Departments of Ecology performed
investigations. Control work was carried in 577 enterprises out of 645. Monitoring was based on soil pollution control (119), waste water control(176), and monitoring of atmospheric air (282) sources. According to the results of the audit, the allowed norm was excessed in 334 enterprises and additional compensation payments were calculated[14].
From case studies it is concluded that better real-time control system of air quality must be
implemented to Uzbekistan. It's essential to note that in addition to these analysis, it's crucial to have air quality monitoring networks in place to gather data in order to assess and control toxic emission to air better. Sensor technology in urban settings offers a chance to gather low-cost, high-resolution air quality data that offers more insight into city pollution patterns. Low-cost monitoring networks can be used to fill in the gaps in air quality monitoring that exist in urban environments and paint a more complete picture of air quality. Monitoring Industries Industrial manufactures that are regulated must follow to a number of rules, policies, and
quality standards. The rules are made to guarantee that goods are secure, suitable for their intended purpose, and produced in accordance with high standards of quality at all stages of development, production, control, storage, and distribution. Additionally, there are rules that businesses must adhere to reduce environmental impact.
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Different methods of environmental monitoring can be implemented to monitor combustion
of toxic gases:
1) Independent data logger:
Nevertheless, for a number of reasons, a stand-alone data logger may pose enormous risk
than a continuous monitoring system:
Needs to interact with others (data extraction).
The settings of the device are hidden.
minimal data security (eg. loss or damage to the logger) - No real-time alerting; just post-event display of alerts.
No real-time monitoring of battery level.
Electrochemical Sensors Technology 2) Building Management System (BMS):
A building management system, often referred to as a building automation system, is a computer-based system that regulates and keeps track of a building's electrical and mechanical systems, including the ventilation, lighting, HVAC, electricity, and fire and security systems. The hardware used for the BMS can be adapted to meet the needs of the EMS. Although using a BMS system might help cut costs, validating one is trickier and takes longer than certifying an EMS, and some issues still exist:
The measuring gadget is simultaneously monitoring and managing.
Using just one measuring tool
Nothing redundant (if the device fails there is no backup).
No guarantee of accuracy (with two devices, it is always possible to cross check). Electrochemical sensors via a chemical process measure the concentration of a particular gas
in an environment. Electrochemical sensors continue to be used in a variety of sectors and have a wide range of applications. The present demands for tiny sensors with low energy consumption and simplicity of use have made it possible for the technology to improve continuously.
3) Environmental Monitoring System (EMS): As implied by the name, an EMS is a tool for keeping track of various environmental factors. The Environmental Monitoring System is an application-specific software (configurable software package) and category hardware (standard hardware components) system. In order to focus on patient safety, product quality, and data integrity, EMS assists users in monitoring compliant applications by examining crucial quality traits and keeping an eye on crucial process factors. Electrochemical Sensor Electrochemical sensors employ a chemical reaction to gauge the amount of a particular gas
present in the surrounding air. Electrochemical sensors are still used in a wide range of sectors and have many distinct applications. Industry has for decades utilised electrochemical sensor technologies. The ongoing development of the technology has been made possible by the present demands for tiny sensors with low energy consumption and simplicity of use. Electrochemical sensors may be built in a variety of ways depending on the application, offering specialised solutions for novel, emergent applications. When a gas of interest reacts with an electrochemical sensor, a signal is generated that is proportional to the gas concentration. The sensor works by enabling charged molecules to flow through a thin layer of electrolyte. It has two electrodes—a working electrode and a counter electrode. Electrochemical sensors may measure and detect a variety of gases, including oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulphur dioxide, depending on the needs of the application.
When measuring oxygen levels, oxygen enters the sensor through a capillary, comes into
touch with the cathode, and is then instantly converted to hydroxyl ions. The lead oxide is created by the oxidation of the hydroxyl ions as they pass through the membrane to the anode. The voltage generated by this reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of oxygen present in the gas mixture. The sensor measures this voltage, which is then used to determine the percentage or traces of oxygen present in the sample. 13
Electrochemical sensors have a wide range of uses and continue to be crucial to many sectors. The following are some of the most popular applications:
Environmental air quality monitoring
Electrochemical gas sensors are increasingly being used more and more often to monitor and manage contaminants that impair the quality of the air. In comparison to conventional, more costly air quality monitors based on infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, they provide a less priced, more broad air monitoring option.
The detection of dangerous and explosive gases
Safer workplaces are made possible by monitoring dangerous locations. Workers must be subject to restrictions on their exposure to harmful vapours and gases under government and industry standards. Electrochemical gas sensors, which offer increased sensitivity and selectivity for a wide variety of harmful gases, have become more popular as a result of this.[14]
