Dictionaries and their types

CONCLUSION
Recently, there has been a clear tendency in the lexicography of the English language to reflect linguistic phenomena in direct connection with the elements of culture, thereby describing the influence of culture on the formation of the language. An example would be
According to the most authoritative experts in the field of lexicography (Yu.D. Apresyan, in particular), the common features of most new English dictionaries include:
- The desire to achieve such a completeness of the characteristics of the word, which allows not only to understand it in a given context, but also to use it correctly in one's own speech. Thus, the transition to dictionaries of the active type is carried out.
– The desire to overcome the traditional isolation of lexicography from theoretical linguistics in general and from semantics in particular.
– The desire to overcome the traditional isolation of the dictionary description of the language from its grammatical description, which is reflected primarily in educational dictionaries.
– The transition from a purely philological description of the word to an integral philological and cultural description of the word-concept, with the involvement of elements of ethnolinguistic knowledge.
- Updating lexicographic techniques and tools: the introduction of "picture" definitions, guides (tables of contents) for a dictionary entry, assessments of the correctness of using a particular word in different situations based on a representative " language board" (the so -called usage panel ). This method has already been successfully tested in the compilation of The American Heritage Dictionary . of the English Language, the material of which was tested by a panel of one hundred recognized native speakers of exemplary English .

The main theoretical problems of lexicography:

1) the problem of selecting vocabulary for the dictionary
2) the problem of the optimal structure of the dictionary
3) ways of interpreting the meaning of a word in a dictionary entry
4) the means used by compilers of dictionaries to illustrate the use of a word in speech,
5) development of parameters that serve as the basis for the classification and evaluation of the quality of dictionaries.

Also, the theory of lexicography studies the history of dictionaries, their typology, and is engaged in a critical description of dictionaries.

Lexicography as a practice includes collection of material, editing, preparation of a dictionary, its publication, presentation, organization of an advertising campaign.
The study of lexicography is closely related to the problems considered in lexicology. Identification of the meanings of polysemantic words and ways of their presentation in dictionaries, differentiation of homonymy and polysemy, synonymy of lexical units are just a few of the problems that both specialists in the field of lexicology and lexicographers deal with. Compilers of dictionaries use the achievements of lexicology in their works , and lexicologists very often refer to the data of dictionaries in their research.