Dilgam ismailov

V Theme: Azerbaijan as Part of the Arab Caliphate 
 
1.The Occupation of Azerbaijan by the arabs. The spread 
of the Islam religion
2.The management, resettlement, land and tax policy in 
Azerbaijan during the rule of 
the 
Caliphate
3.To rebel 
against 
to 
the 
tyranny 
of 
Arabs. 
Khurram’s movement.
4.The formation of the Azerbaijani people and language.
 
1.The Occupation of Azerbaijan by the arabs. The spread 
of the Islam religion 
 
In 633 the Arab army crossed the border of the Sassanid 
Empire through Iraq. The Sassanid ruler demanded troops from 
all countries which were subject to the empire, including 
Albania, to fight against the Arabs. In 634 the Albanian ruler 
Varaz Gregory sent troops under the leadership of his son 
Javanshir. There was a bloody battle in a place called 
Cadisiya between the Arab and Sassanid armies in 636. The 
Albanian commander Javanshir was distinguished by his 
bravery in the battle. The Sassanid ruler rewarded him in a high 
level for his courage. The ruler presented him with a gold belt, 
decorated with pearls and gold-backed sword. He put a nice 
crown on his head. The Arab army besieged Ctesiphon–the 
capital of the Sassanid in 638. The Sassanid army was put to 
rout. In 640 Javanshir returned to Albania. Javanshir (642-
681) began to rule Albania very early, at the age of 21.
After fighting against the Arabic army more than seven 
years, Javanshir returned to his homeland. He had to keep up 
fighting against the enemy here. He first smashed the 

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Sassanid’s feudal lords who invaded Albania and were engaged 
in marauding. When the first detachments of the Arab armies 
invaded Albania, Javanshir entered into an alliance with the 
Byzantine emperor to fight against the Arabs together. In 654 
the Byzantine emperor Konstantin II and Javanshir met each 
other. Six years later, they met again. They stubbornly resisted 
against the enemy. The Khazars invaded Albania destroying 
the Arabs in the scuffle near Ballenger. In 662 Javanshir 
defeated the Khazars near the river Kur. Three years later 
(665), with even greater force the Khazars attacked again. The 
Khazars won the battle on the banks of the Araz River. 
Javanshir made peace with the head of the Khazars and became 
related with him. Under the terms of the agreement, the 
Albanians agreed to give tribute to them every year. In return, 
all the captives and robbed cattle were returned back.
In 661 the dynasty of Umayyad came to power in the 
Caliphate. This time Javanshir tended to the Arabs. There were 
several reasons for that. Albania’s connection with Byzantium 
was possible through the territory of Armeniyye. Armeniyye 
was captured by the Arab armies. It was not possible for 
Albania to continue the relationship with Byzantium. On the 
other hand, Albania’s ally–Byzantium was very weak in 
comparison with the Caliphate. Albania was not able to protect 
himself alone. Besides that, Albania needed a patronage of the 
powerful country like the Caliphate. Thus, Albania wanted to 
avoid attacks of the Khazars in the North and Iranian feudal 
lords in the South. The Albanian ruler had diplomatically 
governed relations with the Caliphate. For this purpose he met 
the caliph Muaviyah to the end of the 60s going to the city of