1.
Introduction
Communication networks have become a key economic and social infrastructure in OECD
economies. The network infrastructure supports all economic sectors, is crucial to the national and
international exchange of goods and services, and acts as a main catalyst in changing economic
interrelationships through rapid technological change and the proliferation of a range of new services.
With the development of the Internet the role of communication networks has evolved and their
importance increased. The advent of higher access speeds, in many cases symmetric speeds, available to
business and to residential subscribers, has also increased the role of communication infrastructures by
expanding the available range of services. High speed networks are increasingly helping resolve ongoing
societal concerns in areas such as the environment, health care and education, and are increasingly playing
a role in social networking. However, for the potential of new network technologies to be realised, the
market will require that these networks have universal, or close to universal coverage. The full potential of
networks is only likely to be achieved where markets are effectively competitive and solutions have been
implemented which ensure adequate coverage to most geographic areas.
The telecommunication market in the OECD area has surpassed USD 1 trillion in revenues and is
growing in real terms of around 3% per year resulting in a growing share of telecommunications in GDP
presently at 3%, despite the rapidly falling prices that have characterised the sector. The fastest growing
item in household consumption is also communication goods and services. Investment in the OECD
telecommunication sector has increased in recent years by 24% (from USD 129 billion in 2003 to
USD 160 billion in 2005) driven to a large extent by the high demand for broadband data access.
Broadband subscriptions across the OECD have increased by 60% per annum over the last 5 years with
more than 218 million broadband subscribers in the OECD by mid-2007, up from less than 15 million at
the end of 2000. The OECD broadband penetration rate has reached 19 broadband subscribers per 100
inhabitants, much less than the 43 telecommunication channels per 100 inhabitants or the 80 mobile
subscribers per 100 inhabitants, but examination of data on penetration rates of different communication
technologies indicates that broadband is one of the ICT technologies with the fastest growth in penetration
rates.
Technological innovation, stimulated through digitalisation, has been a major factor in driving change
in the communications market. This innovation is reducing costs and enhancing the capability of networks
to support new services and applications. A key innovation which is expected to bring further significant
changes in the communications market is the transformation from circuit-based public switched
telecommunication networks to packet-based networks using the Internet Protocol, so-called next
generation networks (NGN). NGN is expected to completely reshape the present structure of
communication systems and access to the Internet. The present structure of vertically independent,
although interconnected, networks may be transformed into a horizontal structure of networks based on
Internet Protocol. Investment requirements for NGN are high and, as for any investment, there are risks.
Policies need to ensure that risks and uncertain returns are compensated while ensuring competition since,
without competition, the benefits of high speed broadband and NGN will not be realised.
The developments in new communication structures and the impetus they are expected to give to the
present process of convergence in networks, services and terminals are expected to lead also to new policy
challenges. In particular, convergence and the development of the NGN may require a review of a number
of elements of the present structure of economic regulation of communication markets, in order to ensure
that regulation allows the potential benefits of these technologies to rapidly diffuse in economies and
societies. Convergence, by changing service boundaries, service characteristics and stimulating the offer of
new services, may require that new markets are regulated differently than existing ones. It remains to be
seen to what extent the deployment of NGN and convergence will facilitate the process of creating durable
competitive conditions in communication markets or will raise further obstacles to the creation of
DSTI/ICCP/CISP(2007)2/FINAL
7
competition. It is fairly evident, however, that changes taking place as a result of investment in next
generation access and core networks and the convergence of technologies, services and markets will
require reviews and rethinking of existing policy and regulatory frameworks.
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