Economic Geography

see also multi-regional firms
Mariner’s baseball team 193
market power perspective 146
market speculation 85
market states 223
Marx, Karl 13, 137, 175–6
Marxian political economy 13–14,
49–50, 51, 175–6
influence on economic geography
96–8, 100–1, 175
revival 95–6
Marxism 35–6
Marxist crisis theory 96
masculinity 40–1
Massey, Doreen 50, 246
mental labour 143
meso-economic approach 97, 98
methodological individualism 53
microfoundations 16
migrant women 43
migration 236, 237
military-industrial complex, geography
of 98–100
mobility, workplace 237, 241–2
monopolistic competition 60, 61, 63
morphogenesis 13, 16
MRIO model 189
multinational corporations 59
multi-regional firms
corporate dynamics and 201–3
policy directions 203–4
research agenda 204–5
role in regional economies
198–9, 203
National Bureau for Economic Research
(NBER) 114–15
nation-state 83, 85, 86, 223
emergence 85
natural science, limitations 94
nature 55, 129
Nelson, Richard 245
neoliberalism 14, 54, 159, 222, 230
fight against 72
networks 15, 147, 177, 179, 231
personal and social 146
proliferation 223
New Deal 215, 238
new economic geography
200, 247, 248
new economy 59, 121
as rhetorical phenomenon 67
new growth theory 16
new imperialism 222–3
economic geography for see
Post-Cultural-Turn Economic
Geography
new industrial state 83
new regional geography 177
new regionalism 230
new servant class 41
non-earnings income 191
non-employment 239–40
normative turn 60
North American Service Industries
Research Network (NASIRN) 119
offshoring 121, 142–3, 242, 249
opportunity structures 237–8
outsourcing 121, 242, 246, 249
path dependence 91, 169
patriarchy 15
PCTEG see Post-Cultural-Turn
Economic Geography
pecuniary externalities 63, 65, 73
256
Index

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people climate, business climate vs 182
personal debt 222
personalism 151
personal networks 146
philosophical domains 18
place
importance 15, 16, 26
space and 128
place competition 163–4
place politics, globalization and 229
policy, evidence-based 238
policy analysis 213
policy discourse 208–17
confronting economics 210–11
dominance of economists
210, 213–14
engagement of geographers
209–10, 215–16, 249
policy instruments 215
policy levers 241
policy research
regional competitiveness and 170–1
skills 208, 213
policy turn 60
political ecology 128, 129, 133
political economy
cultural economy and 52
global 149
see also Marxian political economy
political voluntarism 69
Porter, Michael 159, 164, 230
on clusters 181
on competitive advantage
162, 169, 178
competitive strategies definition
187–8
positivism 13, 17, 174, 224
post-autistic economics 21
Post-Cultural-Turn Economic
Geography (PCTEG) 221
anti-foundationalism 225
loss of empirical substance 228
treatment of economics 227–8
treatment of geography 228–30
post-Fordism 14, 177
postmodernism 224
post-structuralism 15, 224, 226
poverty 214–15, 223
Pred, Allan 106
producer services 114–15, 
118–19, 120, 144
research 187–8, 190
Producer Services Working Party
(PSWP) 118, 119
product differentiation 61
production
focus on 25
geography of 91, 105
social relations of 83
production networks
global 130, 246
management 132
production systems 66
productive consumption 113
product life-cycle hypothesis 146
Public Service Agreement targets 238
Puget Sound Region 118
qualitative methods, shift to 234–5
quantitative analysis 72
quantitative revolution 11, 27, 28,
182, 186
effect on geography’s appeal 2
tools developed by 175
R&D 140, 142, 244, 246, 248
race theory 107
racism 215
rank-size rule 16
rational individual 35
realist approach 176
recycling, product 130
reflexivity 34
regeneration 230
region
difficulty in defining 162
as motor of economic activity 64
regional absolute advantages 167
regional benchmarking 160, 170–1
regional competitiveness
assessment importance 160–1
as contentious concept 162–3
definition 165
as evolutionary process 168–70
policy research and 170–1
primary sources 166
skills as key driver 240
thinking about 163–8
Index
257

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regional development
influential academics 245
key ideas 244
regional development agencies 204
Regional Economic Architecture 240
regional external economies
166–7, 169
regional fundamentals 166, 167
regional geography, new 177
regional growth 165
roads to capitalism approach 107
regional innovation systems (RIS)
64, 179–80
regional institutionalization 163
regional science 58, 96, 186, 
201, 247
enervation after mid-1970s 69
Regional Skills Partnerships 239
region-based learning 64, 
179–80, 182
regulationist approach 51
regulation theory 14, 35
relationality 229
relational space 182
relational turn 60
relative factor endowments 166
repeat investment 203, 205
reproduction 26
reputational capital 131
research and development (R&D)
140, 142, 244, 246, 248
research methods 186–95
exploratory 188–9
framed by research questions 187–8
insights from unexpected 
results 192–3
IT impact 191–2
with secondary data 190–1
transfer of knowledge to 
students 194
underlaid by theory or models
189–90
value of research to applied research
community 193–4
RESER 119, 191
resource environment 168
resources 129–30
Ricardian comparative advantage 
theory 166
risk
dispersal 86
management 87–8, 90
Robinson, Joan 103
RoHS directive 126, 130, 134
Sachs, Geoffrey 17
San Francisco Bay Area
104, 106–9
Sauer, Carl 109
Schwarzenegger, Arnold 107
Scotland, economy 203
second best, theory of 228
service multinational enterprise 115
services 25, 112–21
consumer 114, 120
definition 116, 140
distinction from goods 112–13
economic geographers and
116–20
innovation by 120
knowledge-intensive business 120
non-geographers’ research role
114–16
producer 114–15, 118–19, 
120, 144
research 187–8, 190
relocation 141
research 246
sub-classes 120
tradability of output 118
value 117
service sector work 37, 39
changing nature 120
global geography 140–3
spatial redistribution 120
shipping 137–8
Silicon Valley 104, 108, 238
Singapore, TNCs 148
SMEs 199
Smith, Adam 137
social actors 147–8
social capital 177, 179
social class, 71 97, 106
socialism 13
social issues, silence of geographers 
on 214
social networks 146
social order 107
258
Index

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social relevance 174, 175, 182
social welfare, responsibility for 89
software services 141–2
South Korea, TNCs 148
space
accumulation dynamics and 72
and place 128
relational 182
as trumping economic theory
13, 14
spatial access 26
spatial analysis 173, 174
spatial equilibria 16
spatial fix 96
spatial linkage patterns 189
spatial mismatch 237
spatial mobility 237
spatial science 35, 48
state power 105
STEP group 180, 183
stock market bubble 87, 89, 142
structural adjustment 17
structural determinism 50
structuralism 17
structuration, theory of 50
structure-agency formulation 71
suburbanization 96, 104
sunbelt phenomenon 98–9
supply chains 131, 132, 133
sweat-shops 131, 136
systems integration 246
Taiwan, TNCs 148
tax-raising capacity 86
teaching, of economic 
geography 30–1
technical change, economic 
role 105
technological change 131, 132
technology 244–9
as carrier of history 169
technology-led growth 64
technology transfer 133
telecommunications 139–40
telemedicine 142
teleworking 121
territorial structure 
geography 175
textualism 226
theory, interpretation vs
19, 20–1
Third World multinationals
145, 147
Thomas, Morgan 245, 246
TMT bubble 87, 89, 142
totalization 57
trade unions 96–7
trading zones 21
transaction cost economics
146, 147
transnational corporations 
(TNCs) 145