CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODS
Types of qualitative research through phenomenological approaches
CHAPTER IV. DISCUSSION
Indonesia has many Small and Medium Micro Enterprises or often called MSMEs. MSMEs are businesses or
businesses run by individuals, households or small businesses. MSMEs have separate explanations, namely micro-
businesses, small businesses and medium-sized businesses. Micro-businesses are businesses owned or managed by
individuals or families. Then, small businesses are businesses that have a net profit that ranges from 50 million to
300 million annually. While medium business is a type of business or business that already has a structured and
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more complete bookkeeping system. MsMEs play a big role in the economy in Indonesia from opening jobs,
encouraging economic conditions more evenly, spurring the economy in critical situations and meeting the needs
of the community more accurately. However, this small and medium-sized micro enterprise is the business that
has the most problems in this pandemic period began to have difficulty in meeting daily needs due to the difficulty
of finding money under these circumstances. So they decided to open small businesses. Of course, there are many
difficulties for those who have just opened this business or MSMEs, but not only those who have just opened a
business that experienced it, those who have long pioneered this business also experience many problems. For
people who have and make MSMEs as the main source of income, of course they feel the impact of the current
pandemic situation. There's a lot to do to avoid focusing on them. For example, there are those who have to close
one of their stores in a certain place because the price of the contracted place is not proportional to the
purchasing power of the people in the current pandemic. Of course, this is a very burdensome thing for these
business people. Moreover, closing one of the businesses that have been pioneered from a long time ago and has
become a source of income. Pioneering a business before the pandemic certainly feels the difference in income
obtained compared to during a pandemic like this. Income or turnover obtained at the time of the pandemic
decreased drastically compared to a few years before this situation. This happens because of the restrictions set by
the government for people to leave the house or do activities outside the house. In addition, there are restrictions
on opening times for stalls or shops that are applied to traders which certainly have a direct impact on the income
of business people because not all shops or stalls can open at opening times that have been determined by the
government. Before the pandemic, the profit that can be obtained in a day is approximately about 100 thousand to
500 thousand. But at the time of the pandemic, of course, the income earned became less. Everyone must have
their own way of solving problems, especially in solving problems in business. One way to overcome this business
problem is to sell online through social media such as Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp and serve the COD
(Cash on Delivery) system. Seeing the opportunities that exist in online sales that use social media and COD
systems is certainly a solution that is very helpful for MSMEs in facing the problems faced in doing business. The
number of people who do Micro Small and Medium Enterprises or MSMEs today, the impact of the pandemic
felt by them will be able to inhibit Indonesia's economic growth. This certainly gets the attention of the
government. Therefore, the government categorizes MSMEs as poor and vulnerable people affected by Covid-19
as recipients of social assistance. Then the government provides working capital assistance with a value of 1.2
million. Of course, the recipient of this assistance must meet the conditions that have been imposed such as
Indonesian Citizens and have an electronic Identity Card, have a micro-business complete with supporting
documents for submission, complete the filing file in the form of KK, KTP, SKU or NIB and other requirements.
The Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs said that as many as 9.8 million micro-businesses have received MSME
assistance. The total target of MSME recipients this year reached 12.8 million micro-businesses, the community is
certainly enthusiastic to welcome the help of MSMEs from the government. However, people still complain about
the difficulty of getting this help. This difficulty is caused by obstacles experienced by creditors or debtors when
distributing financing or assistance to Small and Medium Micro Enterprises. In terms of banking that serves as a
credit distributor, according to records of the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises cooperatives, the
distribution of credit through banking is still in the range of 20 percent. Though this credit distribution is expected
to reach a larger number, such as 22 percent, 25 percent or 30 percent. This credit trust is also quite strict because
of the provisions of the bank related to bank capital and sometimes the bank does not have enough information
related to MSMEs to be financed.
The Financial Services Authority noted that the distribution of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
continues to grow towards the end of 2020. Credit has the potential to grow along with the high need for new
capital in 2021.
Currently, there are more than 65 million MSMEs spread across Indonesia. In 2016, there were 61.7 million
MSMEs in Indonesia. The number continues to increase, in 2017, the number of MSMEs reached 62.9 million
and in 2018, the number of MSMEs reached 64.2 million. It is predicted that in 2019, 2020 to 2021 the number
continues to increase.
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Kemenkop UKM) launched as many as 3.79
million micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have utilized online platforms in marketing their
products. This number is around 8 percent of the total MSMEs in Indonesia, which is 59.2 million.
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