23
SOLAR PUMPING
Guidelines - Electrical design and installation of solar pumps
11
WATER LEVEL DETECTION IN THE TANK
Water level detection can be useful to:
•
Automatically start and stop the water pump when water level is low in the tank and when tank is full (avoid overflowing
and water loss).
•
Run alarms (lights, sound alarms, indicators …).
•
Know the level of water in the tank when the tank is hardly accessible due to its height, or when the tank is located far away
from the borehole or distribution point.
To perform these functions, two main categories of sensors can be used:
•
« Free-volt contact » sensors. These sensors will work as a switch, will open or close when a certain level is reached.
It is not possible to accurately measure the level with this type of probe and display it in m3. They are only used to
send punctual signals, typically «pump start», «empty tank», «pump stop», ...
•
Potentiometric probes, commonly called « 4/20 milliamps » for the current value they allow: 4 mA of current for
minimum value (tank empty) and 20 mA for maximum value (tank full). These sensors can measure the level of water
with 1cm of precision, send this information to an electronic calculator, that will convert the signal in m3 and display
it on a screen. In addition, these calculators can also switch on or off some pre-programmed « free-volt contact », as
explained above.
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