Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency

(b) National and International Data Availability and Sources: The United Nations 
compiles value added at the two- or three-digit level of the International Standard 
Industrial Classification (ISIC) system for developed and developing countries. The 
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as part of its 
STAN database, compiles value added in manufacturing at the three- and four-digit 
ISIC level for most OECD countries. The European Union produces data on value 
added at the two- and three-digit level in the NACE system, and suitable bridges exist 
to translate NACE into ISIC. 
One persistent data problem at the aggregate level is distinguishing between ‘industry’ 
(ISIC, Divisions C, D, F and E) and ‘manufacturing’ (ISIC, Division D). Some 
countries also lump agriculture, forestry and fishing (ISIC, Divisions A and B) into 
the aggregate ‘industrial sector’ classification. For these reasons, it is strongly 
recommended that data be checked to ascertain exactly what sectors are covered. 
Data on final energy use are compiled by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 
the energy balances for OECD and non-OECD countries, but these data are given by 
main sector and not by main product. Thus it is difficult to track energy use related to 
the physical production of a certain product — for example, cement. Very few 
countries report data at this disaggregated level. 
Regional data are available from regional organizations such as the Asia Pacific 
Energy Research Centre (APERC) and the Organización Latinoamericana de Energía 
(OLADE). 
REFERENCES 
• EEA, 2002. Energy and Environment in the European Union. Environmental 
issue report no. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment Agency. 
• Energy Policy, June/July 1997 issue, Elsevier Science Limited. Various 
articles in this issue discuss the physical and monetary measures of output and 
various problems associated with indicators of manufacturing energy use and 
intensity. 
• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• IEA, 1997. Indicators of Energy Use and Energy Efficiency. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency (IEA)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation 
and Development (OECD). 
• IEA, 2004. Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA 
Countries. Paris, France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris, 
France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 
• Phylipsen, G.J.M., Blok, K., Worrell, E., 1997. Handbook on International 
Comparison of Energy Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry. Utrecht, 
Netherlands: Utrecht University, Dept. of Science, Technology, and Society. 

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• Unander, F., Karbuz, S., Schipper, L., Khrushch, M., Ting, M., 1999. 
Manufacturing energy use in IEA countries: Decomposition of long-term 
trends, Energy Policy, 27(13): 769–778. 
• UNSD. Industry Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics 
Division. 
• UNSD. National Accounts Statistics. New York, NY, USA: United Nations 
Statistics Division.