Energy Indicators for Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs International Energy Agency Eurostat European Environment Agency

(c) Limitations of the Indicator: Data on imports for a number of fuels may not be 
readily available in some countries. 
(d) Alternative Definitions/Indicators: Net energy imports. 
ASSESSMENT OF DATA 
(a) Data Needed to Compile the Indicator: 
• Total primary and final energy use, imports, exports, production and by fuel 
— oil, gas, coal, etc. 
• Electricity imports, exports, consumption and generation. 
(b) National and International Data Availability: Data on energy imports, exports, 
production and use by fuel are available from national statistical offices and country 
publications and from various international sources, such as the International Energy 
Agency (IEA) and the World Bank. 
REFERENCES 
• Eurostat, various editions. Energy Balance Sheets. Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• Eurostat, various editions. Pocketbook on Energy, Transport and Environment. 
Luxembourg: Eurostat. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries. Paris, 
France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Balances of OECD Countries Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries. Paris, 
France: International Energy Agency. 
• IEA, various editions. Energy Statistics of OECD Countries. Paris, France: 
International Energy Agency. 

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85 
• UNSD, 1982. Concepts and Methods in Energy Statistics, with Special 
Reference to Energy Accounts and Balances — A Technical Report. New 
York, NY, USA: United Nations Statistics Division. 
• UNSD, 1987. Energy Statistics: Definitions, Units of Measure and Conversion 
Factors. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division. 
• UNSD, 1991. Energy Statistics: A Manual for Developing Countries. New 
York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division. 
• UNSD, various editions. Energy Balances and Electricity Profiles. Published 
biennially. New York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division. 
• UNSD, various editions. Energy Statistics Yearbook. Published annually. New 
York, USA: United Nations Statistics Division. 
• World Bank, various editions. World Development Indicators. Published 
annually. Washington DC, USA: World Bank.