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scattered trees as you continued north. Additionally, you would start to notice changes in humidity
and temperature. These forests would transition into deserts at roughly 30 degrees north, which are
characterized by little precipitation and a lot of sunlight (sunlight).
As you travel further north, you will notice that deserts give way to grasslands or prairies.
Grasslands eventually give way to deciduous temperate forests. These deciduous forests give way to
the subarctic, or the region
south of the Arctic Circle, which contains the boreal forests and taiga. At
the most northern latitudes, you would eventually arrive at the Arctic tundra.
This journey north
reveals the types of organisms that have adapted to environmental factors associated with ecosystems
found at various latitudes, as well as gradual changes in climate. However, abiotic elements like jet
streams, the Gulf Stream, and ocean currents contribute to the existence of various ecologies at the
same latitude. The vegetation would change as you ascended a mountain in a similar way to how it
does as you ascend to higher latitudes.
Ecologists who study biogeography examine patterns of
species distribution
. No species
exists everywhere; for example, the Venus flytrap (
Dionaea muscipula
) is endemic to a small area in
North and South Carolina. An
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