English language teaching

Grammar-translation method (GTM)

• Verb declensions set out tables
• vocabulary lists to be learned

• Little or no attention to :
• pronunciation
• spoken form

GMT: disadvantages

iii. Drawbacks

• No class time is allocated to allow students to produce their own sentences.
• There is often little contextualization of the grammar
• The type of error correction can be harmful to the students’ learning processes.

Grammar Translation Method

• Old method
• Useful to teach classical language
• Word to word translation
• Word is unit of teaching
• No practice of speaking
• No direct bond between thought and expression

Direct method

Direct method

II. The Direct Method

• i. Background: a reaction to the grammar-translation approach in an attempt to integrate more use of the target language in instruction.

• ii. The Principal Characteristics
• Only use the target language in class.
• The learner should be actively involved in using the language in realistic everyday situations.
• Students are encouraged to think in the target language.
• First speaking is taught and then only reading and writing.

Direct method

iv. Strategies Using Direct Method

• Q & A: The teacher asks questions of any nature and the students answer.
• Dictation: The teacher chooses a grade appro-priate passage and reads the text aloud.
• Reading Aloud: Students take turn reading sec-tions of a passage, play or dialog out loud.
• Getting Students to Self-Correct: The teacher should have the students self-correct by offering them a choice between what they said and the proper pronunciation.

Direct Method

• Reaction against Translation method
• Expert Teachers are required
• Use of Audio-Visual aids compulsory
• Practice of Speaking important
• Not useful of ordinary teachers
• Not useful for crowded classes