Exploring Radioactivity Through Its Types

Exploring Radioactivity Through Its Types
Radioactivity has fascinated scientists and the general public alike. This presentation will give you an insight into the concept and types of radioactivity.
UH
by Umut Hasan
Discovery of Radioactivity
1
Henri Becquerel
First observed spontaneous emission of radiation from uranium in 1896
2
Marie Curie
Coined the term "radioactivity" and discovered radium and polonium with Pierre Curie
3
Ernest Rutherford
Discovered and named alpha and beta particles and suggested the existence of the neutron
Types of Radioactivity
Alpha decay
Occurs when an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of two neutrons and two protons.
Beta decay
Occurs when an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle, which can be either an electron or a positron.
Gamma decay
Occurs when an atomic nucleus emits a gamma ray, which is a high-energy photon.
Properties of Radioactive Decay
1
Half-life
The time it takes for half the atoms in a sample to decay. Different isotopes have different half-lives.
2
Decay constant
The probability that an atom will decay in a given time. It is related to the half-life.
3
Nuclear cross-section
The probability that a nucleus will undergo a specific type of decay. It depends on the energy of the incident particle.
Applications of Radioactivity
Medical applications
In radiography, radioisotopes are used to create medical images and treat diseases such as cancer.
Industrial applications
In radiography, radioisotopes are used to inspect welds and detect leaks. They are also used in nuclear power plants.
Environmental applications
Radioisotopes are used to study the movement of earth materials such as groundwater and sediment.
Archaeological applications
Radioisotopes are used to date rocks, minerals, and archaeological artifacts.
Safety Measures and Precautions
Radiation protection
Protective clothing and equipment such as lead aprons and gloves are used to shield against ionizing radiation.
Nuclear regulatory agencies
Agencies such as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversee the safe use of nuclear materials and facilities.
Conclusion
Radioactivity is a fundamental concept in modern science, with a wide range of applications and significant implications for human health and safety. Knowing its different types and properties is crucial to unlocking its potential while minimizing risks.