The main functions of graphon are: - to express the author's attitude to the characters, e.g. butler Yellowplush impresses his listeners with the learned words pronouncing them as "sellybrated" (celebrated), "bennyviolent" (benevolent).
- to show the physical defects of the speakers, e.g. the stuttering "The b-b-b-b-bas-tud - he seen me c--c-c-c-coming“,
- to convey the atmosphere of authentic live communication, of the informality of the speech act, e.g. "gimme" (give me), "lemme" (let me), "gonna" (going to), "gotta" (got to), etc.
Graphical Expressive Means and SD Graphical changes may reflect not only the peculiarities of pronunciation, but are also used to convey the intensity of the stress, emphasizing and thus foregrounding the stressed words. To such purely graphical means we should refer - all changes of the type (italics, capitalization),
- spacing of graphemes (hyphenation, multiplication) and of lines, e.g. “Help. Help. HELP”; “He was grinning like a chim-pan-zee”; “Alllll aboarrrrrd”.
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