Faculty: architecture topic : constructive system of dwelling house teacher

Concrete block – These have good thermal mass when filled with concrete, but low insulation values (which is difficult to add unless lined externally). They have lower embodied energy than concrete or brick because they are hollow and contain less concrete per square metre. However, when filled with concrete they can equal or exceed the embodied energy of brick. Fly ash blocks further reduce embodied energy. They are not easily recycled because they have insufficient strength for reuse, but they can be crushed as gravel or fill. They are average cost.
Mud brick (adobe) – These have high thermal mass, but insulation is difficult to add unless the walls are constructed with a cavity, or are lined externally. They have the lowest embodied energy (if sourced locally) and no manufacturing impact. They also have low site impact and are suited to remote sites. Mud brick homes will require regular waterproofing in exposed locations. They are low cost if labour is not included (owner built).

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  Straw bale – These have low to medium thermal mass (depending on render thickness) and excellent thermal performance. They have low embodied energy (some additional embodied energy and materials in extra width footings and slabs). They have excellent breathability when rendered with earth- or lime-based renders. However, long-term durability will depend upon build quality – straw bales must be compressed well to minimise settlement and movement, and generous overhangs are the most reliable rain protection. Maintenance levels are variable depending on the finish. Cost varies from average to high.
  
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  Panel systems – Sandwich panels have varying embodied energy depending on surface materials and insulation. Other lightweight panel systems, such as straw board and recycled paper products, have low thermal mass, high insulation levels and very low embodied energy. They respond rapidly to heating and cooling and are ideally used with a high-mass concrete slab floor. The recycled content of many commonly available systems is high. The reuse potential is good, waste rates are low and transport costs are low. Construction cost varies from high to average.
  
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