Faculty: ktf specialty: Group: Teacher: Jabrailov Rashid Student

Faculty: KTF
Specialty:
Group:
Teacher: Jabrailov Rashid
Student: Bayramova Shirin
Subject: Environmental management
Topic: Healing the ozone layer
The problem of ozone layer destruction (ODP) is becoming more and more serious, which caused great damage to humans and the environment. And in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods, the ozone layer loss environmental problem is considered. Therefore, This paper attempts to clarify the specific economic valuation application of ozone layer destruction in LCIA. 
The problem of ozone layer destruction
Ecotax, Ecovalue08 and BEPAS weight system. Through research and analysis, we propose a new monetary valuation result, which adapts to the LCIA method of China. The research results are: The economic value of ozone layer destruction is $2.15 in the inert construction waste life cycle environmental impact assessment system.
The economic value of ozone layer destruction
The economic value of the ozone layer destruction in Ecotax, Ecovalue08 and BEPAS weight system
Through the above part 2 study, we obtained the economic valuation of the ozone layer damage in the above three LCIA methods as shown in Table 2 below.
Economic valuation of the ozone layer destruction
The focus is on an in-depth study of the economic valuation of the ozone layer destruction in the three life cycle impact assessment methods (Ecotax, Ecovalue08 and BEPAS weight system), and discover the impact of methods, countries, and time values on economic valuation.
Economic valuation of the ozone layer destruction
Finally, using the social willingness to pay method, a new ozone layer destruction economic valuation of $2.15 was obtained, thus perfecting the inertial construction waste life cycle environmental impact assessment system.This research above is also conducive to the development of the economic valuation of the ozone layer destruction environmental impact in the future LCIA methods, this has great research significance.
Earth is currently experiencing a host of environmental problems. Air and water pollution continue to plague much of the world; exotic plants, animals, and other organisms pop up in parts of the globe that have no natural defense against them; and, all the while, climate change lingers in the headlines.
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Before getting to the answer, it helps to have some background on the problem. In 1974 American chemists Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland and Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen discovered that human-produced CFCs could be a major source of chlorine in the stratosphere.

They also noted that chlorine could destroy extensive amounts of ozone after it was liberated from CFCs by UV radiation.
Since then, scientists have tracked how the ozone layer has responded to CFCs, which, since their creation in 1928 had been used as refrigerants, cleaners, and propellants in hairsprays, spray paint, and aerosol containers.
In 1985 a paper by the British Antarctic Survey revealed that stratospheric ozone concentrations over Antarctica had been dropping precipitously (by more than 60% compared with global averages) since the late 1970s.
Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, observations and measurements from satellites and other instruments showed that this “hole” over Antarctica was growing larger year after year, that a similar hole had opened over the Arctic, and that stratospheric ozone coverage worldwide had dropped 5% between 1970 and the mid-1990s, with little change afterward.
In response to the growing problem, much of the world came together in 1987 to sign the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, an agreement that allowed the world to begin to phase out the manufacturing and use of CFCs—molecules containing only carbon, fluorine, and chlorine atoms—and other ODCs.

Follow-up meetings throughout the 1990s and early 2000s produced amendments aimed at limiting, reducing, and eliminating hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs), methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and other ODCs.

Even though nearly all of the planet’s governments had been working diligently toward a common goal—good news in itself—it was unclear whether these unprecedented efforts were having much of an effect.
In 2014, however, scientists received the first bit of good news on this topic: the first small increases in stratospheric ozone in more than 20 years had been detected, along with evidence that ODCs had declined by 10–15% in the atmosphere.

Yet they remained cautious.

Some two years later, scientists got sufficient data to confidently reveal proof that the ozone layer was indeed on a path to recovery. The 2016 study, which tracked the evolution of the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica, observed that stratospheric ozone concentrations were continuing to increase and that the size of the Antarctic ozone hole had declined by half the size of the continental U.S. between 2000 and 2015.
Planned sources used:
https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780198843719.001.0001/oso-9780198843719-chapter-16
https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/ozone-layer-healing-coronavirus-climate-sun-uv-rays-a9429341.html
https://www.britannica.com/story/is-the-ozone-layer-finally-healing-itself
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