Farhad Salour Doctoral Thesis



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SUMMARY01

List of Symbols 
m


dielectric constant
 
0
c

light velocity in vacuum
 
l

length of metal rod in TDR probe
 
t

travel time in TDR probe
 
r
M

resilient modulus
 
d


deviator stress
 
r


resilient strain 
p


permanent strain
 
i
k

resilient modulus models material parameter
 
a
p
atmospheric pressure, 100 kPa
 


sum of the principal stresses (bulk stress) 
3
2
1
,
,



 
principal stresses
 
oct

octahedral shear stress
 
opt
r
M
 
resilient modulus at optimum moisture content 
a
minimum value of the ratio 
opt
r
r
M
M
 
b
maximum value of the ratio 
opt
r
r
M
M
 
s
k
regression parameter
 
S
degree of saturation (
r
S
)
 
opt
S
degree of saturation at optimum moisture content (
opt
r
S
)
 
a
u
pore-air pressure
 
w
u
pore-water pressure
 
m

matric suction (

)
 
i
d
surface deflection measured at 
i
mm distance from the centre of loading plate 
in FWD test
 
T
E

stiffness of HMA at temperature 
T
 
ref
T
E
 
stiffness of HMA at temperature 


10
ref
T
C
 
b
constant for the HMA stiffness model 
T

temperature of HMA
layer
 
ref
T

reference temperature for HMA layer 
10

ref
T
°
C
 
sat
w
u


 
pore-water pressure build-up under saturated condition
 
0
m

initial matric suction
 
m


relative change in matric suction
 
)
(

w
volumetric water content at matric suction 

)
(

C
correction factor for Fredlund and Xing SWCC model
 
r

soil matric suction at residual condition
 


vi 
f
a
model parameter for Fredlund and Xing SWCC model
 
f
n
model parameter for Fredlund and Xing SWCC model
 
f
m
model parameter for Fredlund and Xing SWCC model
 
0
p
reference pressure, 100 kPa 
2
R
 
coefficient of determination 
2
adj
R
adjusted coefficient of determination 
w
gravimetric water content (
c
W

opt
w
optimum gravimetric water content 
p

hydrostatic stress 
3000
ˆ
p

accumulated permanent strain at 3000
th
load cycles in 
the RLT test 
5000
ˆ
p

accumulated permanent strain at 5000
th
load cycles in 
the RLT test 
p

ˆ
accumulated permanent strain
 
N
number of load applications
 
q
cyclic deviator stress
 
0

material parameter of the Tseng and Lytton model 

material parameter of the Tseng and Lytton model

material parameter of the Tseng and Lytton model
 
0

material parameter of the Gidel et al. model
 
B
material parameter of the Gidel et al. model
 
u
material parameter of the Gidel et al. model
 
max
L
a parameter of the Gidel et al. model expressed as 
2
max
2
max
max
q
p
L


max
p
 
maximum applied hydrostatic stress 
f
q

deviator stress at failure 
m
slope of the Mohr-Coulomb failure line in 
q
p

space 
s
intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb failure line in 
q
p

space
 
C
material parameter of the Korkiala-Tanttu model 
c
material parameter for determination of the 
b
parameter for the Korkiala-
Tanttu model 
d
material parameter for determination of the 
b
parameter for the Korkiala-
Tanttu model 
b
material parameter of the Korkiala-Tanttu model 
R
ratio of the applied deviator stress to the deviator stress at failure, determined 
using static triaxial tests 
A
parameter of the Korkiala-Tanttu model usually taken as 1.05 


vii 
i

stress path number 
i
N
total number of load applications at the end of the 
i
th
stress 
path
 
eq
i
N
equivalent number of load applications 
 
N
p

ˆ
accumulated permanent strain after 

number of load applications 
pi

ˆ
accumulated permanent strain at the end of the 
i
th
stress path
 
q

cyclic deviator stress
 
max
d

maximum dry unit weight 
 
 


viii 
 
 


ix 
List of Acronyms 
AASHTO 
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 
APT 
Accelerated Pavement Test 
BCI 
Base Curvature Index 
BDI 
Base Damage Index 
CCP 
Constant Confinement Pressure 
FE
Finite Element 
FWD 
Falling Weight Deflectometer 
GPR 
Ground Penetrating Radar 
GW 
Groundwater 
HAE 
High Air-Entry
HMA 
Hot Mix Asphalt 
HVS 
Heavy Vehicle Simulator 
LTPP 
Long-Term Pavement Performance 
LVDT 
Linear Variable Differential Transformer 
MC
Moisture Content 
MEPDG
Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide 
PI
Plasticity Index 
PVC 
Pressure-Volume Controller 
RLT 
Repeated Load Triaxial 
RMSD 
Root-Mean-Square Deviation 
SCI
Surface Curvature Index
SG
Specific Gravity 
SPA 
Seismic Pavement Analyser 
SSE 
Sum of Squared Errors 
SSI
Structural Strength Index 
SWCC 
Soil-Water Characteristic Curve 
TDR 
Time Domain Reflectometry 
USCS 
Unified Soil Classification System 
VCP 
Variable Confinement Pressure 





xi 

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