Farmakoekonomi

METODE EVALUASI FARMAKOEKONOMI

Type of analysis	Definition	Advantages	Limitations
Cost-minimization	Assumes treatment outcomes to be equal; Simply compares all costs of treatments	Simplicity	Sufficient evidence is required to demonstrate that treatment outcomes are equal between alternatives
Cost-effectiveness	Relates cost of treatments to natural units of health benefits (years of life gained, percent reduction in mortality, or cost per cure)	Does not require translation of health benefits to monetary terms; versatile since many different outcomes possible	Requires a common outcome of interest between alternatives; cannot value intangibles such as pain or suffering

Cost-benefit	Relates cost of treatments to health benefits, all of which are expressed in monetary terms; Provides a numerical ratio	Alternatives with different outcome of interest, or common outcomes achieved to different degrees may be compared	Requires translation of health benefits to monetary terms; difficult to measure loss of life, lost wages in homemakers and elderly
Cost-utility	Relates cost of treatments to years of life gained, adjusted by various measures e.g., quality-adjusted life-years (QALY)	Alternatives with different outcome of interest, or common outcomes achieved to different degrees may be compared	Requires translation of health benefits to utility (worth of certain health status). Utility values vary between patients and nonpatients
Cost-consequence	Presents expected cost per patient treated plus a list of all outcomes, but not combined or aggregated	Simplicity. Quantifies all outcomes in the analysis; used to clarify benefits when there is dominance (i.e., new drug costs less and is more effective)	Not "true" pharmacoeconomic analysis; unlike the other analyses, it does not provide an incremental ratio or single summary value

Perbandingan

Metode	Unit Biaya	Unit Outcome
CMA	Mata uang	Outcome identik/ekuivalen
CEA	Mata uang	Natural unit
CUA	Mata uang	Kualitas hidup
CBA	Mata uang	Mata uang