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Depending on the form of carbon contained in cast iron, cast iron is divided into
white, gray, high strength and malleable cast iron. According to the structure of the
metal base, cast irons are divided into ferritic, pearlite and ferrite-pearlite cast irons.
Carbon in white cast iron is in the form of cementite, i.e. chemically bonded with
iron, so white cast iron is very hard and brittle. Car details are not made from it.
Gray, malleable and high-strength cast iron with high strength and technological
properties are used for machine details. In these cast irons, all or a certain part of the
carbon is in the pure form of graphite: in gray cast irons it is plate-shaped, in malleable
cast irons it is cucumber-shaped (papapaga) and in high-strength cast irons it is
spherical. will be in the form
The strength of graphite is very small, so it would not be wrong to say that the
places with graphite are gaps and cracks. Especially plate-shaped graphite in gray cast
iron sharply reduces the strength of cast iron, the spherical form of graphite is the most
optimal in terms of strength. For example, the relative elongation of plate graphite cast
iron is 0.2-0.5%, and the relative elongation of spheroidal graphite cast iron is 10-15%.
Graphite, on the one hand, reduces the strength of cast iron, and on the other
hand, increases the workability of cast iron.
Cast irons are not sensitive to stress concentrations, corrosion resistant, and
cheaper than steel.
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