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Chemical compound, mechanical compound.
To draw
a state diagram of any alloy, the percentage of the alloy is cast
horizontally on the scale (left side pure lead, right side pure antimony alloys).
We mark the critical points on the vertical and the melting point of
antimony and lead
(327
0
C, 630
0 C).
By joining the critical points below (246) we get the line DE, and by joining the
critical points above we get the curves AV and VS. The two curves intersect at point
V, that is, on the straight line DE.
As can be seen from the diagram. Alloys have different starting points of
solidification and solidification and crystallization at the same point.
The mixture
contains only 13% antimony and 87% lead crystallization, with the beginning and end
of the critical point being the same, as it solidifies at one point. Let's
analyze the
diagram. Above the AVS line, all alloys are liquid. This line is called the Liquidus line
(Latin for liquid). At the bottom of the DVE line, all alloys are in the solid state, and
the DVE line is called Solidius (solidius means solid in Latin).
At point V in the case diagram (13% lead and 87% lead). Crystallization of
antimony and lead occurs at the same time, and a fine mechanical mixture of antimony
and lead crystals is formed.
Such an alloy is called a eutectic alloy. Eutectic alloys have the lowest melting
point and have a well-mixed microstructure. An alloy with less than 13% antimony is
considered to be eutectic 40
0
and an alloy with more than 13% antimony is called a
post eutectic alloy.
Solidification of post-eutectic alloys is a process
where antimony crystals
separate in the liquid alloy along the VS line. Along the line DE, the eutectic begins to
harden. In pre-eutectic alloys, lead crystals begin to separate along the AV line, and
the eutectic solidifies along the DE line.
If the alloy is cooled more slowly, the lead particles on the DV may accumulate
at the bottom of the mixture as precipitates due to their heavy specific gravity. Such a
phenomenon is called liquation. And eutectic forms an upper layer due to its low
specific gravity. The alloy formed after solidification
is not suitable for casting,
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because the structure is not uniform. A similar phenomenon can be seen in post-eutectic
alloys. When such an alloy is slowly cooled, a eutectic mixture is formed due to its
high specific gravity . Due to the low specific gravity of antimony, a vacuum is formed
on the surface of the casting.
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