Food science

HIGHLIGHTS
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Arduino-Uno used in this system which provide a faster and reliable result than previously 
implemented milk analyzer system.
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Four different types of milk samples from different dairies are used in this milk quality analysis system.
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Study indicated that this system is more efficient than the previous study. This system is user-friendly 
and easy to use.
Keywords: Arduino, FAT measurement, gas sensor, LDR, LED, pH Sensor, temperature sensor
Humans consume milk and milk products as their 
main sources of nutrition. In general, dairy products 
are high in carbohydrates, sugar, protein, vitamins, 
enzymes, and minerals. However, the quality of 
nutrients can differ as per the breed of cow, feed, 
season, lactation stage, and a variety of other factors. 
The term “adulteration” refers to the addition of 
other substances in milk to increase the amount of 
raw milk available. Besides, contamination of milk 
may occur during unsanitary processing, packaging, 
and distribution. The most popular adulterant used 
for milk is water, which raises the quantity of milk 
while lowering the quality. The consistency of milk 
is also affected by various environmental factors 
such as temperature, humidity, and darkness. 
Refrigeration and vacuum storage are commonly 
used to control such factors.
Despite India being the largest milk producer 
across the world, milk consistency and hygiene 
are major concerns here. To avoid adulteration 
milk needs to be analyzed for consistency. It is 
common knowledge that adulterated milk is sold 
and consumed in India, which includes adulterants 
such as detergent, water, urea, starch, and other 
adulterants. Such adulterants lower the nutritional 

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Goswami and Dangi
246
Print ISSN : 0974-1712
Online ISSN : 2230-732X
value of milk along with lowering its consistency. As 
the relation between the milk constituents is secure, 
it can be used to assess the level of adulteration in 
the milk.
As per a national survey conducted across the 
country, approximately 68.4% of the milk samples 
tested did not fulfill the set milk requirement. Thus, 
it is imperative to monitor milk quality monitored 
at the dairy farm by the farmer using a clear, 
accurate, hand-held adulteration detection device pr 
computer that can detect pH, FAT, odor, and other 
adulterants in milk.