eajournalbg, Journal manager, FOOD SECURITY AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SITUATION IN SERBIA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
Economics of Agriculture, Year 67, No. 4, 2020, (pp. 1191-1204), Belgrade The presence of hunger in the world is expressed by the prevalence of undernourishment.
After decades of reducing hunger in the world, the trend of world hunger reverted
in 2015, when the number of malnourished people increased. In the following years,
the prevalence of undernourishment in total population is continuously around 11%,
although in absolute terms this number is increasing. More than 820 million people
in the world are still hungry, which is a significant challenge for achieving the Zero
Hunger target by 2030(FAO, 2019). There is only a decade left and the latest data show
that the aim is far from being fulfilled. Many countries have higher hunger level that
in 2010, and some require urgent attention in reducing level of hunger (IFPRI, 2019).
The problem of quantity and quality of nutrition differs depending on the level
of development of individual regions or economies. While the fight against
undernourishment and malnutrition is a burning issue in developing regions,
developed countries face problems such as overweight and obesity, food safety, and
food waste in supermarkets, restaurants and households (Božić and Papić, 2019).
It is estimated that over two billion people in the world do not have regular access
to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, including 8% of the population in Northern
America and Europe. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of obese
and overweight people. It is estimated that in 2016 about 41 million children under
the age of five (about 6%) were obese (FAO, 2017). “In 2016, 131 million children
5–9 years old, 207 million adolescents and 2 billion adults were overweight. About
a third of overweight adolescents and adults, and 44% of overweight children aged
5–9 were obese.” (FAO, 2019).
Measuring food security, i.e. the selection of adequate indicators, is a very complex
issue. With the change of the concept of food security and the increasing number of
dimensions that are included, the number and type of indicators that measure these
aspects have changed (Božić and Papić, 2019).
This paper aims to analyze the state of food security and its individual dimensions in
Serbia and selected neighbouring countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Greece)
in 2018 and 2019 by comparing the Global Food Security Index (GFSI). This is one
of the most commonly used indicators that describe and measure different dimensions
of food security. The starting hypothesis in this paper is that Serbia lags behind the
selected neighbouring countries in terms of food security measured by the GFSI.