Fundamental Pedagogy Jana Doležalová

According to the stages of the teaching process, we can 
differentiate motivational, exposure and fixation (repeating and 
training) methods, application methods, assessment (diagnostic) 
methods and evaluation methods.
Some of these teaching methods are also applied in education and 
upbringing.

Methods of (moral) education include: 
o requirements, exercises, explanation; 
o persuasion, model, community and civic activities, student or 
volunteer activities, staging methods, solution of moral dilemmas, 
evaluation methods (appreciation, encouraging, reward, 
punishment);
o methods of self-education. 
2. Organisational forms of education represent the method of arrangement 
of educational activities with respect to the place, time and relations among 
participants in the educational process. The same organisational forms apply 
to education within the meaning of upbringing and instruction. 

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As for the relations among participants in the educational 
process, we differentiate an individual form (where one educator 
influences one educatee), a mass form (where one educator works 
with a group of educatees who learn individually), a group and 
cooperative form (where the educator stimulates activities of a group 
of educatees who cooperate with one another and develop and solve 
problems while communicating with one another). The variety of 
individual needs must be addressed with adequate activities. One can 
stimulate individualised activities where each individual or several 
individuals separately work on appropriate assignments different from 
others or are involved in activities which they need to master.

As for the place of educational activities, we differentiate 
excursions, walks, work in workshops or on the land, long-term stays 
in the open air, etc. 

Should we take the temporal approach, teaching is organised in 
lessons, two- or multiple-lesson units or blocks. We also differentiate 
the school year, terms and quarters of the year. 
(For details, see sources from general didactics, theory of education). 
In addition to the basic means of education, there are also other means of