G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi
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Men xonaga kirganimda, u maqola tarjima qilish bilan band edi. Izoh: need, to want, to require fe’llaridan keyin va worth sifatidan keyin Passive Ge- rund o‘rnida Active Gerund ishlatiladi. 2. Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin gerund ham, infi nitiv ham ishlatilishi mumkin: to begin, to start boshlamoq to prefer afzal bilmoq to continue davom ettirmoq to hate yoqtirmaslik to like yoqtirmoq to intend qasd qilmoq to dislike yoqtirmaslik I can (can’t) afford qila olmayman I like bathing (= to bathe) in a river bet ter than in the sea. Men dengizda cho‘milishdan ko‘ ra daryoda cho‘milishni yaxshi ko‘- raman. We began talking (=to talk) about the position of the rubber market. Biz rezina bozoridagi ahvol haqida suhbatlasha boshladik. It continued raining (=to rain). Yomg‘ir yog‘ishni davom ettirdi. We do not intend placing (=to place) orders for such machines. Biz bunday mashinalarga buyurt ma bermoqchi emasmiz. 3. to mention eslatmoq, to remember eslamoq, to mind e’tiroz bildirmoq fe’llari bilan gerund vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi: He mentioned having read it in the paper. U buni gazetada o‘qiganini eslatdi. I remember having seen him be- fore. Men uni ilgari ko‘rganimni eslay- man. I don’t mind walking. Men piyoda yurishimizga e’tiroz bildirmayman. Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin Gerund ishlatiladi: admit bo‘yniga olmoq advise maslahat bermoq anticipate bashorat qilmoq appreciate baholamoq avoid qochmoq complete tugatmoq consider hisobga olmoq delay kechiktirmoq miss sog‘inmoq postpone kechiktirmoq practice mashq qilmoq quit tark etmoq recall eslamoq recollect eslamoq recommend tavsiya qilmoq regret afsuslanmoq www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 57
discuss muhokama qilmoq dislike xush ko‘rmaslik enjoy yoqtirmoq fi nish tugatmoq forget unutmoq can’t help –masdan turolmaslik keep saqlamoq, davom ettirmoq mention eslatmoq mind e’tiroz bildirmoq remember eslamoq report xabar qilmoq resent achchig‘lanmoq resist qarshilik qilmoq resume davom ettirmoq risk tavakkal qilmoq stop to‘xtatmoq, suggest taklif qilmoq tolerate chidamoq understand tushunmoq He admitted stealing the money. U pulning o‘g‘irlanganini tan oldi. She advised waiting until tomor- row. U ertagacha kutishni maslahat berdi. I anticipate having a good time on vacation. Men ta’tilda vaqtni yaxshi o‘tka- zishimga umid qilaman. He avoided answering my ques- tion. U mening savolimga javob be- rishdan o‘zini olib qochdi. I fi nally completed writing my term paper. Men nihoyat choraklik ma‘ru - zamni yozib tugatdim. I will consider going with you. Men siz bilan ketishni muhoka- ma qilaman (o‘ylab ko‘raman). He delayed leaving for school. U maktabga jo‘nashni kechik - tirdi. She denied committing the crime. U jinoyatni qilganini inkor etdi. They discussed opening a new business. Ular yangi ish boshlashni muho- kama qilishdi. I dislike driving long distances. Men mashinada uzoq yurishni yoq tirmayman. We enjoyed visiting them. Ularnikida biz vaqtni yaxshi o‘t- kazdik. She fi nished studying about ten. U soat o‘nlarda shug‘ullanishni tugatdi. I’ll never foget visiting Shohi Zin- da. Men Shohi Zindani ziyorat qilganimizni hech qachon unut mayman. I can’t help worrying about it. Men bu haqda tashvishlanmas- dan turaolmayman. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 58
Men u keladi deb umid qilish- ni davom ettiraman. She mentioned going to a movie. U kinoga borishni eslatdi. Would you mind helping me with this? Siz buni qilishga menga yordam bera olasizmi? I miss being with my family. Men oilam bilan bo‘lishni sog‘ina man. Let’s postpone leaving until to- morrow. Keling jo‘nashni ertagacha kechik tiramiz. The athlete practiced throwing the ball. Sportchi to‘pni tashlashni mashq qildi. He quit trying to solve the prob- lem. U masalani yechishga urinishni bas qildi. I don’t recall meeting him before. Men uni ilgari uchratganimni es- lamayman. I don’t recollect meeting him be- fore. Men uni ilgari uchratganimni es- lamayman. She recommended seeing the show. U tomoshani ko‘rishni tavsiya qildi. I regret telling him my secret. Men unga sirimni aytganimdan afsuslanaman. I can’t remember meeting him when I was a child. Men bolaligimda uni uchratga- nimni eslay olmayman. I resent her interfering in my busi- ness. Uning ishimga aralashishi men- ing jahlimni chiqaradi. I couldn’t resist eating dessert. Men shirinlikni yemasdan turol- mayman. She risks losing all of her money. U hamma pullarini yo‘qotish bi- lan tavakkal qiladi. (yo‘qotishi mumkin). She suggested going to a movie. U kinoga borishni taklif qildi. I don’t understand his leaving school. Men uning maktabni tashlashini tu shunmayman. 4. Gerund ega vazifasida keladi: Skating is pleasant. Yaxmalak uchish yoqimli. Ega bo‘lib kelgan gerund kesimdan keyin ham kelishi mumkin. Ushbu holda kesimdan oldin tarjima qilinmaydigan it olmoshi keladi. Gerundning bunday ishlatilishi odatda quyidagi iboralardan keyin uchraydi: www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 59
It is useless } It is no good …foydasiz. It is worth while … arziydi. It is no use talking about it. It isn’t worth while going there. Is it any good doing it? Bu haqda gapirishning foydasi yo‘q. U yerga borishning foydasi yo‘q. Buni qilishga arziydimi? Gerund bilan bir qatorda ega vazifasida infi nitiv ham kelishi mum- kin: Skating is pleasant. = To skate is pleasant. It’s no use talking about it. = It is no use to talk about it. It isn’t worth while going there. = It isn’t worth while to go there. 5. Gerund ot-kesim tarkibida keladi: Her greatest pleasure was travelling. Uning eng yoqtirgan narsasi sayohat qilish edi. Ot-kesim tarkibida gerund bilan bir qatorda infi nitiv ham ishlatili shi mumkin: Her greatest pleasure was to travel. OLDIDAN OT YOKI OLMOSH KELGAN GERUND 1. Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat gapning egasiga yoki to‘ldiruvchi- ga qarashli bo‘lishi mumkin: They began speaking(speaking ifodalagan ish-harakati they egaga tegishli). Ular gaplasha boshladilar. I am obliged to you for helping me (helping ifodalagan ish-harakati you to‘ldiruvchiga tegishli). Yordam berganingiz uchun men sizdan minnatdorman. 2. Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat ega yoki to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lmagan shaxs yoki buyumga ham tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bu holda o‘sha shaxs yoki buyum qaratqich kelishigidagi ot yoki egalik olmoshi bilan ifodalanadi: The agent informed the fi rm of the buyer’s having insured the cargo. Agent fi rmaga xaridor mollarni sug‘urta qilganligini xabar qildi. We insisted on their delivering the goods immediately. Biz ulardan mollarni zudlik bi- lan yetkazib berishlarini talab qildik. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 60
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