G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

in the Past ishlatiladi. Bu zamon ko‘pincha ko‘chirma gaplarni o‘z lashtirma 
gapga aylantirganda ergash gapda ishlatiladi:
She said that she would be giving an 
English lesson at fi ve o’clock.
U soat beshda ingliz tilidan dars be-
rayotgan bo‘lishini aytdi.
He thought that I should be wor-
king all day.
U meni kun bo‘yi ishlaydi deb 
o‘ylabdi.

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91
The Present Perfect Tense
 (Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
Hozirgi tugallangan zamonning yasalishi
1. Present Perfect to have fe’lining hozirgi zamondagi shakllari have 
va has hamda asosiy fe’lning o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle) 
yordamida yasaladi: I have worked, he has worked, we have worked.
Ega + have (has) + P.P.
2. Present Perfectning bo‘lishsiz shakli have yoki has yordamchi 
fe’lidan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Ega + have (has) + not + P.P.
I have not worked, he has not worked, we have not worked.
3. Present Perfectning so‘roq shakli have va has yordamchi fe’llarini 
eganing oldiga qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Have (has) + ega + P.P.?
Have I worked? Has he worked? Have we worked?
Bo‘lishli shakli
Bo‘lishsiz shakli
So‘roq shakli
I have worked
He (she, it) has wor ked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
I have not worked
He (she, it) has not worked
We have not worked
You have not worked
They have not worked
Have I worked?
Has he (she, it) wor ked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
Og‘zaki nutqda odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishlatiladi: I’ve, He’s, 
She’s, It’s, We’ve, You’ve, They’ve, I haven’t, I’ve not, He hasn’t, He’s not, 
She hasn’t, She’s not, It hasn’t, It’s not, We haven’t, We’ve not, You haven’t, 
You’ve not, They haven’t, They’ve not.