G‘apporov M. Ingliz tili grammatikasi

left Tashkent.
U Toshkentdan ketganidan bu-
yon u haqda eshitganim yo‘q.
Since ravishi bo‘lgan gapda ham Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
He left Tashkent in 1998, and I haven’t seen him since.
6. Davom zamonda ishlatilmaydigan fe’llar bilan Present Perfect 
Continuous o‘rnida Present Perfect ishlatiladi:
He has been here since two 
o’clock.
U soat ikkidan buyon shu yerda.
I have known him for three years.
Men uni uch yil (davomida) ta-
niyman.
Ba’zi fe’llar bilan ham Present Perfect ham Present Perfect Continuous 
ishlatilishi mumkin:
I have lived in London for fi ve years 
(yoki: I have been living in London 
for fi ve years).
Men Londonda besh yil yasha-
yapman.
7. after, when, as soon as, until (till), if bog‘lovchilari bilan bog‘lan gan 
payt va shart ergash gaplarda Future Perfect o‘rnida Present Perfect ish-
latiladi:
I shall go to the country as soon as I 
have passed my examinations.
Men imtihonlarimni topshirgach 
qishloqqa boraman.
I’ll give you the book after I have 
read it.
Men kitobni o‘qib bo‘lganimdan 
keyin uni sizga beraman.
We shall start at fi ve o’clock if it has 
stopped raining by that time.
Agar yomg‘ir to‘xtasa, biz besh-
da jo‘naymiz.

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94
The Past Perfect Tense
O‘tgan tugallangan zamonning yasalishi
1. Past Perfect to have fe’lining o‘tgan zamon shakli had va asosiy 
fe’lning o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle) shakli yordamida 
yasaladi:
Ega + had + P.P.
I had worked, he had worked.
2. Past Perfectning bo‘lishsiz shaklini yasash uchun had yordamchi 
fe’lidan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yamiz:
Ega + had + not + P.P.
I had not worked, he had not worked.
3. Past Perfectning so‘roq shaklini yasash uchun had yordamchi fe’lini 
eganing oldiga o‘tkazamiz: