General microbiology

A. Staphylococci B. Streptococci C. Proteus vulgaris
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E. Mixed infection
13. Microscopy of a smear obtained from a patient with acute purulent periostitis revealed gram-positive bacteria arranged in clusters resembling bunch of grapes. What microorganisms is this morphology typical for?
A. Staphylococci B.Sarcina C.Tetracocci D.Candida fungi E.Streptococci
14. Pathogenic staphylococcus was obtained from the purulent wound of the patient. Its antibiotic sensitivity was determined to be as follows: penicillin growth inhibition zone - 8 mm; oxacillin - 9 mm, ampicillin - 10 mm, gentamicin - 22 mm, lincomycin - 11 mm. What antibiotic should be chosen for treatment in this case?
A. Gentamicin B. Penicillin C. Ampicillin
D. Oxacillin E. Lincomycin
15. During an outbreak of a hospital-acquired infection, pure cultures of S. aureus were grown after inoculation of the samples obtained from the nasopharynges of the medical personnel and from wound drainage of the surgical patients. What tests are necessary to determine the likely sourse of infection?
A. Phage-typing of the obtained cultures B. Sero-identification
C. Antibiotic sensitivity test D. Repeated inoculations E. Biochemical profiles


Streptococcus
1. Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed rather elongated gram-positive diplococci with somewhat pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. Neisseria meningitidis E. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2. Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive diplococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
A. Stretpococcus pneumoniae
B. Neasseria gonorrhoeae
C. Neisseria meningitidis
D. Staphylococcus aureus
E. Klebsiella pneumoniae
3. A patient has a suspected pneumonia. In his sputum there were revealed grampositive diplococci, prolonged with the slightly pointed opposite ands. What microorganisms are revealed in the sputum?
A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C. Neisseria meningitidis D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
E. Streptococcus pneumoniae
4. A 22 y.o. man complains of acute throat pain, increasing upon swallowing during 3 days. Body temperature 38,3⁰ C, neck lymph nodules are slightly enlarged and painful. Pharyngoscopically – tonsilar hyperemia, enlargement and edema, tonsils are covered by round yellow fibrinous patches around crypts openings. Beta-haemolytic streptococcus in swab analysis. What is the diagnosis?
A. Acute membranous tonsilitis
B. Acute follicular tonsilitis C. Pharyngeal diphtheria
D. Infectious mononucleosis E. Pharyngeal candidosis
5. A 10-year-old girl was admitted to a hospital with carditis presentations. It is known from the anamnesis that two weeks ago she had exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. What is the most likely etiological factor in this case?
A. Streptococcus B.Staphylococci C.Pneumococci D.Klebsiella E.Proteus
6. A 10-year-old child has painful swallowing, neck edema, temperature rise up to 39 ^oC, the whole body is covered with bright-red petechial rash. Back of the throat and tonsils are hyperemic, the tongue is crimsoncolored. Tonsillar surface is covered with isolated grayish-colored necrosis nidi. What disease is it?
A. Scarlet fever B. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
C. Diphtheria D. Influenza E. Measles
7. A child is 10 years old. The following presentations have developed: sharp pain during swallowing, swollen neck, body temperature rise up to 39,0^oC, bright-red finely papular rash all over the body. Pharynx and tonsils are sharply hyperemic ("flaming pharynx"), "crimson tongue". On the tonsils surface there are isolated greyish necrosis focuses. What disease it might be?
A. Scarlet fever B. Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
C. Diphtheria D. Influenza E. Measles
8. A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby bright-pink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Scarlet fever B. Rubella C. Whooping cough
D. Diphtheria E. Infectious mononucleosis
9. A 9-year-old boy has acute onset of disease: sore throat, body temperature rise up to 39,5^oC; on the second day diffuse skin rash was detected all over his skin except for nasolabial triangle. On examination of oral cavity: crimson tongue, "flaming pharynx", necrotic tonsillitis. What diagnosis is the most likely?
A. Scarlet fever B. Measles C. Diphtheria
D. Influenza E. Meningococcemia
10. A 7 y.o. girl fell ill abruptly: fever, headache, severe sore throat, vomiting. Minute bright red rash appear in her reddened skin in 3 hours. It is more intensive in axillae and groin. Mucous membrane of oropharynx is hyperemic. Greyish patches is on the tonsills. Submaxillary lymph nodes are enlarged and painful. What is your diagnosis?
A. Scarlet fever B. Measles C. Rubella
D. Pseudotuberculosis E. Enteroviral infection
11. In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever. The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
A. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
B. The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
C. The disease wasn’t caused by haemolytic streptococcus
D. The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
E. The child has very weak immune system
12. A 2 y.o. child has catarrhal effects and skin eruption. A doctor suspected scarlet fever. The child was injected intracutaneously with some serum to the erythrogenic streptococcus toxin, on the spot of injection the eruption disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
A. They confirm the clinical diagnosis
B. The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
C. The disease was caused by non-hemolytic streptococcus
D. The complete dose of serum could be introduced intravenously
E. The child’s immune system is very weakened
13. A 7 year old child often suffers from streptococcus angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcus antigen:
A. O-streptolysin B. C-carbohydrate C. M-protein
D. Erythrogenic toxin E. Capsular polysaccharide
14. A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for her kidney damage?
A. Streptococci B. Staphylococci C. Escherichia
D. Mycoplasma E. Meningococci
15. A male patient has been diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. It is most likely that the lesion of the basement membrane of renal corpuscles was caused by the following allergic reaction:
A. Immune complex B. Anaphylactic C. Cytotoxic
D. Delayed E. Stimulating
16. A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type:
A. Immune complex B. Anaphylactic
C. Cytotoxic D. Delayed E. Stimulating
17. 10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
A. Immunocomplex B. Anaphylaxis C. Cellular cytotoxicity
D. Atopy E. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
18. Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
A. Streptococci B. Micrococci C. Staphylococci
D. Tetracocci E. Sarcina
19. Microscopy of a dental plaque revealed a large number of cocci arranged in pairs and strings, as well as Gram-positive bacilli which were likely to be the cause of cariogenesis. What microorganism associations are involved in the development of dental caries?
A. S. mutans, streptococci and lactobacilli
B. S. salyvarius, streptococci and lactobacilli
C. S. mutans, streptococci and corynebacteria
D. S. aureus and lactobacilli E. S.salyvarius, streptococci and enterococci
20. A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
A. Benzylpenicillin B. Rifampicin C. Erythromycin
D. Streptomicin sulfate E. Chloramphenicol
21. A patient with streptococcal infection of gums was prescribed a drug that contained beta-lactam ring in its structure. Which drug relates to this group?
A. Benzylpenicillin B. Rifampicin C. Erythromycin
D. Streptomycin sulfate E. Chloramphenicol
22. During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
A. Streptococcus mutans B. Streptococcus salivarius
C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Veilonella parvula
E. Staphylococcus epidermidis
23. A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for her kidney damage?
A. Mycoplasma B. Staphylococci
C. Meningococci D. Escherichia E. Streptococci
24. Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive diplococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?