Holidays in Azerbaijan Novruz Faculty: Subject: English Group: 580A3 Teacher: Zamanova Khalida

Holidays in Azerbaijan

Novruz

Faculty:

Subject: English

Group:

580A3

Teacher:

Zamanova Khalida

Student:

Shirinov Elvin

Mechanical engineering and robotics

Novruz in Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Novruz Bayramı)

is a traditional holiday which celebrates the New Year and the coming of Spring. When Azerbaijan was part of the Soviet Union, the celebration of Novruz was generally unofficial and at times even prohibited. Currently in Azerbaijan, Novruz is treated as an official public holiday. In accordance with Article 105 of the Labour Code of Azerbaijan passed in 2006, workers receive five days off for Novruz.

After neighbouring Iran, Azerbaijan hosts the longest observance and number of public days related to Novruz, with a total (including weekend) of 5 days.

Novruz is widely celebrated in our country as the symbol of winter's leaving and spring's coming.

Novruz is celebrated on the first day of spring. The first day of spring on the calendar is determined by the annual circling of the sun.

According to scientists, the holiday has an ancient history. Scientific researches relate the Novruz holiday with the period of the prophet Zardush that dates 3500-5000 years back.

This holiday celebrated in ancient Babylon for 12 days beginning in Nisan (March, April) 21. each of the 12 days had their ceremonies and enjoyment. According to the first inscription the holiday of Novruz established in 505 B.C.

Usually, preparation for Novruz begins a month prior to the festival. Each Tuesday people celebrate the day of one of the four elements – water, fire, earth and wind. People do house cleaning, plant trees, make new dresses, paint eggs, and make national pastries such as shekerbura, pakhlava, shorgoghal, in additional to a great variety of national cuisine. Wheat is fried with kishmish (raisins) and nuts (govurga). As a tribute to pre-Islamic Zoroastrian beliefs, every Tuesday during the four weeks before the holiday, children jump over small bonfires and candles are lit. On the holiday eve, the graves of relatives are visited and tended.

During Novruz, various traditional games and shows such as “Kos-kosa” (symbolizes the coming of spring), “Khidir Ilyas” (the symbol of fertility and blossom) and fortune-telling are held at musical gatherings. Folk singers sing songs while wrestlers test their strength. Novruz is a family holiday. In the evening before the holiday, the whole family gathers around the holiday table laid with various dishes to make the New Year rich. The holiday goes on for several days and ends with festive public dancing, contests of national sports and other entertainment such as from folk bands.

The fourth and last Charshanba represents earth, known as “Torpag Chershenbesi” or “Ilakhir Charshanba”. It is believed that on this day nature revives again. Azerbaijanis consider this Charshanba as the most important among the four and hold special traditions related to this day. For example, there should be seven varieties of food on the table and all of their names must start with letter 's' in Azerbaijani, such as sumakh (a kind of spice), sud (milk), sirke (vinegar), samani (prepared from wheat), and so on. Folk tales say that in the evening of the fourth Charshanba, it is possible for young girls to see their future husbands by approaching to a mirror with a candle in their hands. Children knock at the doors of neighbouring houses and leave their hats or bags, hoping for candies and desserts that are specially prepared for the holiday such as shakarbura and pakhlava.

During Novruz holiday, various songs related to Novruz are sung and different activities such as tightrope walking and wrestling take place in the public squares.

Another ceremony is that of growing samani in a plate, which symbolises the fertility of spring. One especially notable portion of the festival is the traditional comedic performance of the story of Kosa and Kecel – permanent characters in the holiday narrative.

These personas and their fighting represent the conflict between Winter and Spring. At the end of the ceremony, Kecel wins the duel, indicating the victory of Spring over Winter. The Novruz holiday lasts around a week in Azerbaijan.

Beliefs related to Novruz

• Entire families gather at home and sit around a table (symbolizing that they have spent a year together),

• On the last night of the year, family members sprinkle water on each other (it means they will get rid of all difficulties of the old year).

• It is mandatory on this day to serve seven dishes that begin with the letter "s" in Azerbaijani language.

• During holidays, the doors are not locked and it symbolizes the hospitality of the host.

• On the first day of Novruz, the houses must be lit during the whole night. Putting the light off is related to bad luck.

• Jumping seven times over fire (it is believed that the fire will burn the hardness of the last year).