How australians are coping with life


Experience of Social Media by Usage (Teens)



Yüklə 353,18 Kb.
Pdf görüntüsü
səhifə4/4
tarix22.04.2017
ölçüsü353,18 Kb.
#15535
1   2   3   4

Experience of Social Media by Usage (Teens)

Heavy Social Media Users

Average

Light Social Media Users



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

34

Just under half of 

Australian teens 

(approximately 45%) 

feel that their peers are 

having more rewarding 

experiences than them

6.4.  Teen FoMO

FoMO is having an effect on the lives of Australian teens.

 

•  50 per cent of teens experience FoMO. 



•  On average, 59 per cent of teens feel the need to keep track of their friends when they are on holiday.

•  51 per cent on average feel that it is important to post status updates when they are having a good time.

•  Just under half of Australian teens (approximately 45%) feel that their peers are having more rewarding 

experiences than them and 46 per cent also wonder if they are spending too much time keeping up with 

what is going on with others.

Generally, there are no significant differences between male and female teens when looking at the effects of 

FoMO. However, female teens (60%) are more worried about missing a planned get together with their friends 

than male teens (46%). 

For teen males, FoMO is consistent across age groups (48% for males aged 13-15, and 50% for males aged 16-

17). However, as they get older females become more affected by FoMO (38% for females aged 13-15, and 66% 

for females aged 16-17). 

Heavy social media users are on are on all measures more likely to experience FoMO than light social media 

users.

Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

The FoMO factor



35

Figure 23: Prevalence of ‘FoMO’ by Frequency of Social Media Usage in Teens, 2015 heavy vs light 

*All comparisons in the figure are significantly different at p<.001

NOTE: In the table above prevalence is classified as the percentage of respondents who indicated that a statement about FoMO was either 

‘moderately true of me’, ‘very true of me’ or ‘extremely true of me’, split by prevalence of social media use, being defined as five or more times 

per day (up to constantly) or less than five times a day (through to once or twice a month).

78%

71%


66%

66%


63%

60%


58%

55%


54%

51%


67%

59%


55%

51%


53%

48%


46%

45%


44%

42%


53%

44%


41%

32%


41%

33%


31%

33%


31%

31%


It is important that I understand my friends "in jokes"

When I go on vacation, I continue to keep tabs on what my friends

are doing

It bothers me when I miss an opportunity to meet up with friends

When I have a good time it is important for me to share the details

online (e.g. updating status)

When I miss out on a planned get-together it bothers me

I get worried when I find out my friends are having fun without me

Sometimes, I wonder if I spend too much time keeping up with

what is going on

I fear others have more rewarding experiences than me

I fear my friends have more rewarding experiences than me

I get anxious when I don't know what my friends are up to

FoMO by Usage (Teens)

Heavy Social Media Users

Average

Light Social Media Users



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

36

Figure 24: Time Spent Connected to Social Media by Adults and Gender, 2015

NOTE: The above figure represents the percentage of how frequently adults connect to social media when online, with results split by gender.

6.5.  Adult social media usage

Almost one in four Australian adults (23%) are heavy social media users, with six per cent being constantly 

connected (see Figure 24 below).

5%

5%

8%



34%

27%


11%

5%

5%



7%

5%

15%



38%

21%


7%

5%

3%



6%

5%

12%



36%

23%


9%

5%

4%



Constantly

More than 10 times

per day

About 5-10 times



per day

About 1-4 times per

day

Several times a week



Once a week

Once or twice a

month

Less than once a



month

Time Spent Connected to Social Media by Gender (Adults)

Male


Female

Average


Amongst the adult age groups, the 26-35 year olds were the most likely to be constantly connected. Older Australians, 

particularly those aged 56 and above, reported connecting a few times per day to several times per week. 

In a stark comparison to the teens, more than six in 10 Australian adults report never using social media before bed, 

waking up, during breakfast, dinner or lunch, or in the company of other (see Table 14 at right).



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

The FoMO factor



37

NOTE: The above figure represents the percentage of how frequently adults connect to social media when online, with results split by age group.   

Time of day                        Number of day(s) spent on social media

Not one day

1 day

2 days


3 days

4 days


5 days

6 days


7 days

15 minutes before you go to sleep

60%

10%


5%

4%

4%



4%

2%

11%



15 minutes after waking up

69%


7%

5%

3%



3%

3%

1%



9%

When eating breakfast

77%

5%

5%



4%

2%

2%



1%

5%

When eating lunch



68%

9%

6%



5%

4%

3%



1%

5%

When eating dinner



76%

7%

6%



4%

2%

1%



1%

3%

In the company of others



60%

10%


5%

4%

4%



4%

2%

11%



NOTE: The table above denotes the number of days that a proportion of adults use social media during break periods such as lunch and dinner, 

as well as prior to sleep and after waking 

  

Table 14: Social Media Average Usage by Adults During Periods of the Day, 2015



Figure 25: Time Spent Connected to Social Media by Adults Age Group, 2015

About one quarter of everyone 

surveyed, irrespective of the 

frequency of their social media use, 

feel a sense of burnout from the 

constant connectivity to social media

13%


13%

20%


30%

18%


5%

3%

0%



16%

14%


15%

31%


14%

5%

3%



0%

4%

4%



14%

37%


25%

13%


2%

3%

6%



1%

14%


47%

17%


5%

5%

6%



3%

2%

6%



35%

27%


12%

9%

5%



1%

2%

8%



35%

34%


9%

6%

7%



6%

5%

12%



36%

23%


9%

5%

4%



Constantly

More than 10 times

per day

About 5-10 times per



day

About 1-4 times per

day

Several times a week



Once a week

Once or twice a

month

Less than once a



month

Time Spent Connected to Social Media by Age Band (Adults)

18-25


26-35

36-45


46-55

56-65


66 +

Average


Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

6.6.  Adult social media experience

Similar to teens, Australian adults who are heavy social media users are significantly more likely than light social 

media users to be uncomfortable about not being connected to social media and afraid of missing out as a result. 

However, the same people (heavy social media users) are also more likely to feel empowered to seek help through 

social media, to enrich their professional networks and feel motivated to achieve health-related goals. 

About a quarter of all Australian adults, irrespective of the frequency of their social media use, feel a sense of 

burnout from the constant connectivity to social media (see Figure 26 below). 

*Significant at the p<.001 level, Sample size – Heavy Social Media Users n=170, Light social Media Users n=570.

NOTE: In the figure above prevalence is classified as the percentage of respondents who indicated that a statement 

about social media was either ‘sometimes true’, ‘true fairly often’ or ‘true all the time’, split by prevalence of social 

media use, being defined as five or more times per day (up to constantly) or less than five times a day (through to once 

or twice a month).

Figure 26: Social Media Experience in Adults, 2015

38

47%



46%

37%


34%

33%


32%

31%


29%

28%


44%

43%


29%

25%


28%

23%


24%

23%


25%

43%


42%

23%


17%

25%


15%

19%


19%

23%


I feel included or connected to like-minded people through

participating in online forums and content-sharing sites

I find the use of social media has helped strengthen my relationships

*I am afraid that I will miss something if I don't stay connected to my

online social networks

*I feel empowered or find it easier to seek help when I need (e.g. to

manage stress) through the use of social media

I use social media to enrich my professional opportunities

*I feel worried or uncomfortable when I can't access my social media

accounts


*I use social media as a motivational tool to help me to achieve health

goals (e.g. starting an exercise plan)

*I find it difficult to relax or sleep after spending time on social

networking sites

I feel my brain 'burnout' with the constant connectivity of social

media


Experience of Social Media by Usage (Adults)

Heavy Social Media Users

Average

Light Social Media Users



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

The FoMO factor



Table 15: Prevalence of FoMO by Age Group, 2015

39

As social media usage moves from 



light to heavy, all levels of FoMO 

increase on all measures 

Prevalence

18-25

26-35


36-45

46-55


56-65

66 +


All (average)

(n=42)


(n=108)

(n=132)


(n=119)

(n=179)


(n=160)

(n=740)


FoMO 

48%**


44%**

30%*


8%

9%

5%



24%

6.7.  Adult FoMO

Levels of FoMO reported by adult age groups are significantly less than those reported by teens. In comparison 

to teen age groups, 24 per cent of adults experience FoMO and 16 per cent on average wonder if they spend 

too much time keeping up with what’s going on.

On average, there are no significant differences between males and females when it comes to experiencing 

FoMO. However, males are significantly more concerned with understanding their friends’ in-jokes. There are 

significant differences between age groups in the adult sample. Older Australians are significantly less likely to 

report that they experience FoMO. 

*P<.05 - 36-45 different to 46-66   **P<.05 - 18-35 different to 36-66+

NOTE: In the table above prevalence is classified as the percentage of respondents who indicated that a statement about the FoMO was either 

‘moderately true of me’, ‘very true of me’ or ‘extremely true of me’, split by age group.



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

Australian Psychological Society survey of stress and well-being in Australia 2015

40

As social media usage moves from light (connecting to social media a few times a week to up to four times a 



day) to heavy (connecting to social media five times a day to constantly being connected), FoMO increases on all 

measures identified in the survey. Australians aged 18 to 35 are significantly higher in their reported experience 

of FoMO compared to all the other age groups (p<.001).

20%


18%

16%


15%

15%


14%

12%


11%

10%


8%

22%


21%

19%


18%

17%


17%

16%


14%

11%


10%

32%


34%

32%


31%

26%


33%

35%


29%

17%


16%

*It is important that I understand my friends in jokes

*It bothers me when I miss an opportunity to meet

up with friends

*I fear others have more rewarding experiences

than me


*When I miss out on a planned get-together it

bothers me

*I fear my friends have more rewarding experiences

than me


*When I go on vacation, I continue to keep tabs on

what my friends are doing

*Sometimes, I wonder if I spend too much time

keeping up with what is going on

*When I have a good time it is important for me to

share the details online (e.g. updating status)

I get worried when I find out my friends are having

fun without me

I get anxious when I don't know what my friends are

up to


FoMO by Usage (Adults)

Heavy Social Media Users

Average

Light Social Media Users



Figure 27: Prevalence of FoMO by Frequency of Social Media Usage in Adults, 2015

* Significant at p<.001.

NOTE: In the figure above prevalence is classified as the percentage of respondents who indicated that a statement about FoMO was either 

‘moderately true of me’, ‘very true of me’ or ‘extremely true of me’, split by prevalence of social media use, being defined as five or more times 

per day (up to constantly) or less than five times a day (through to once or twice a month).

40

Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

The FoMO factor


REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R., (1983). A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and 

Social Behavior, 24 (1983), 385-396.

Coombs, T. (2005). Australian Mental Health Outcomes and Classification Network; Kessler -10 Training 



Manual, NSW Institute of Psychiatry. 

Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. (2nd. Ed.) Sydney: 

Psychology Foundation.

 

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioural 



correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1814-1848.

Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Stephen, J., Weich, S., Parkison, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. 

(2007). The Warwick- Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation. Health 

and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(9): 606-613. 

The Stress and wellbeing survey is in its fifth year. The first administration of the survey was conducted in 

August 2011. Acknowledgement and thanks goes to the following people and organisations:

 

•  Professor Greg Murray FAPS as chief investigator at Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia, as host 



university of the survey.

•  Professor Lyn Littlefield for her ongoing contribution.

•  Strategic Intelligence Group for assistance with data analysis and report preparation.

 

Contact details: r.liang@psychology.org.au



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

41

Stress & wellbeing



Australian Psychological Society survey of stress and well-being in Australia 2015

40

42



Table 17: Location of Survey Participants in 2015

Table 18: Age Group of Survey Participants in 2015

Location

Sample


ABS

Victoria


26 per cent (400)

25 per cent

New South Wales

29 per cent (448)

32 per cent

Queensland

20 per cent (304)

20 per cent

South Australia

10 per cent (153)

  7 per cent

West Australia

  9 per cent (133)

10 per cent

Tasmania

  3 per cent (44)

  2 per cent

ACT


  2 per cent (32)

  2 per cent

Northern Territory

  0 per cent (7)

  1 per cent

Location


Sample

ABS


18-25

12 per cent (184)

14 per cent

26-35


19 per cent (290)

18 per cent

36-45

21 per cent (312)



18 per cent

46-55


18 per cent (269)

17 per cent

56-65

16 per cent (242)



13 per cent

66-75


11 per cent (166)

  9 per cent

76+

  4 per cent (57)



10 per cent

Table 16: Gender of survey participants in 2015

APPENDICES

Appendix A:  Sample statistics

Representative sample matched to the Australian Bureau of Statistics:

Gender


Sample

ABS


Male

46 per cent (705)

49 per cent

Female


53 per cent (813)

51 per cent

Stress & wellbeing

Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015


41

43

Appendix B:  Measuring stress, distress, depression and anxiety



The stress and wellbeing levels of Australians were assessed using the following standardised and validated 

measures:

•  Level of overall wellbeing measured by Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS)

 – 


developed by researchers at the Warwick and Edinburgh Universities in the UK, to assess the mental 

wellbeing (positive mental health) of a population. The scale is a validated measured using positively 

worded items. Example item: ‘In the past week, I have been feeling optimistic about the future’. The level of 

overall wellbeing was derived by summing the scores of the 14 items of the WEMWBS. Item scores on the 

WEMWBS range from 1-5 with the total scale scores ranging from 14-70. Higher scores indicate greater 

wellbeing (Tennant, Hiller, Fishwick, et al., 2007)

•  Level of stress measured by The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

 – measures the degree that situations 

in the respondent’s life are evaluated as stressful and designed to tap evaluate how unpredictable, 

uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. It also measures current levels of experienced 

stress. Example item: ‘In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you 

could not overcome them?’ The level of stress was derived by summing the scores of the 11 scale items 

of the PSS following reverse scoring of four positively stated items of the scale. Item scores on the PSS 

range from 0-4 with the total scale scores ranging from 0-44. Higher scores indicate higher levels of stress 

(Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983).

•  Level of distress measured by Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10)

 – developed by the Harvard 

Medical School as a global measure of distress based on questions about anxiety and depressive 

symptoms that a person has experienced in the most recent 4 week period. Example item: ‘In the last 



month, about how often did you feel tired out for no good reason?’ The level of distress was derived 

by summing the scores of the 10 items of the K-10. Items scores on the K-10 range from 1-5 with the 

total scale scores ranging from 10-50. Scores range from 10-50 with higher scores indicating greater 

psychological distress. Scores of the K-10 were further categorised into normal, moderate, and severe 

levels of distress using the interpretation guidelines provided in the K10 manual to assess the impact on 

individuals’ distress on functioning via categorisation (Coombs, 2005).

•  Level of depression and anxiety measured by DASS-21 Depression & Anxiety Scales

 - that measure the 

severity of a range of symptoms common to both Depression and Anxiety. The respondent indicates the 

presence of various depression and anxiety symptoms over the previous week. Each item is scored from 

0 - did not apply to me at all over the last week, to 3 - applied to me very much or most of the time over 

the past week. Example item: ‘In the past week, I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all’

The level of depression and anxiety symptoms were derived by summing the seven item scores for each of 

the depression and anxiety subscales of the DASS-21. Scale scores were than multiplied by two to obtain 

the final score. These scores were also classified into normal, mild, moderate, severe or extremely severe 

categories in accordance with the DASS-21 manual (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995).



Australian Psychological Society Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2015

Yüklə 353,18 Kb.

Dostları ilə paylaş:
1   2   3   4




Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©azkurs.org 2024
rəhbərliyinə müraciət

gir | qeydiyyatdan keç
    Ana səhifə


yükləyin