Chapter 6:
Introduction to Candlesticks
To understand my strategies in the next section, we need to quickly review price action and the
fundamentals of candlestick charts. The Japanese began using technical analysis and some early
versions of candlesticks to trade rice in the 17
th
century. Much of
the credit for candlestick
development and charting goes to a legendary rice trader named Homma from the town of
Sakata, Japan. While these early versions of technical analysis and candlestick charts were
different from today’s version, many of the guiding principles are very similar. Candlestick
charting,
as we know it today, first appeared sometime after 1850. It is likely that Homma’s
original ideas were modified and refined over many years of trading, eventually resulting in the
system of candlestick charting that we now use.
In order to create a candlestick chart, you must have a data set that contains (1) open price, (2)
highest price in the chosen time frame, (3) lowest price in that period, and (4) closing price
values for each time period you want to display. The time frame can be daily, 1-hour, 5-minute,
1-minute or any other period you prefer.
The hollow
(white) or filled (red) portion of the
candlestick is called “the body”. The long thin lines above and below the body represent the
high/low range and are called “shadows” (also referred to as “wicks” and “tails”). The high is
marked by the top of the upper shadow and the low by the bottom of the lower shadow. If the
stock closes higher than its opening price, a hollow candlestick is drawn with the bottom of the
body representing the opening price and the top of the body representing the closing price. If the
stock closes lower than its opening price, a filled (usually red) candlestick is drawn with the top
of the body representing the opening price and the bottom of the body representing the closing
price.