How to Study

Association. It’s helpful to attach or associate what you 
are trying to recall to something you already have in your
memory. Mentally link new material to existing knowledge 
so that you are giving this new thought some context in 
your mind. 
Retention
Retention is the process by which we keep imprints of past experiences
in our minds, the “storage depot.” Subject to other actions of the
mind, what is retained can be recalled when needed. Things are
retained in the same order in which they are learned. So your study-
ing should build one fact, one idea, and one concept upon another.
How to Study
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Broad concepts can be retained more easily than details. Master the
generalities, and the details will fall into place.
If you think something is important, you will retain it more easily. So
convincing yourself that what you are studying is something you must
retain (and recall) increases your ability to add it to your long-term
memory bank.
Retention is primarily a product of what you understand. It has little
to do with how fast you read, how great an outline you can construct,
or how many fluorescent colors you use to highlight your textbooks.
Reading a text, grasping the message, and remembering it are the 
fundamentals that make for high-level retention. Reading at a 1,000-
words-per-minute clip does not necessarily mean that you understand
what you’ve read or will remember any of it.
As you work toward improving your reading, realize that speed is
secondary to comprehension. If you can read an assignment faster
than anyone in class, but can’t give a one-paragraph synopsis of what
you just read, you’ve wasted your time. If you really get the author’s
message— even if it takes you an hour or two longer than some of
your friends—spending the time you need to actually understand
what you are reading will pay huge dividends in class and later in life.
Recall
This is the process by which we are able to bring forth those things
that we have retained. Recall is subject to strengthening through the
process of repetition. Recall is least effective immediately after a first
reading, which is why periodic review is so important. The dynamics
of our ability to recall are affected by several factors:
■
We most easily recall those things that are of interest to us. 
■
Be selective in determining how much you need to recall. All
information is not of equal importance— focus your attention
on being able to recall the most important pieces of information. 
Chapter 3 
■
How to Read and Remember
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■
Allow yourself to react to what you’re studying. Associating
new information with what you already know will make it
easier to recall. 
■
Repeat, either aloud or in your mind, what you want to
remember. Find new ways of saying those things that you
want to recall. 
■
Try to recall broad concepts rather than isolated facts. 
■
Use the new data you have managed to recall in a meaningful
way—it will help you recall it the next time.