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Abbe Faria
Following Mesmer is an unlikely figure in the scientific development of
hypnosis. Jose Custodio de Faria was a 18th Century monk from Goa, India. He
represents a departure from Mesmer’s ideas and actively rejected the concept of
“animal magnetism”. Rather, Faria stated that hypnosis could be achieved by
the power of suggestion. This is, in fact, the modern understanding of hypnosis. 
Perhaps reaching back through India’s long relationship with the hypnotic state,

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Abbe Faria brought the oriental concept of the practice to Paris, in the early part
of the 19th Century, where he became known as Abbe Faria.
Faria also developed the idea of auto-suggestion, claiming that it was a powerful
tool. It might well be wondered what role his discoveries took in the French
Revolution, as Abbe Faria famously led a group of insurgents into its fiery
belly. With him was another of Mesmer’s disciples, Marquis Chastenet de
Puysegur.
Abbe Faria’s research into the claims of mesmerism saw him conducting
experiments on as many as 5,000 people. His research led him to reframe
Mesmer’s conclusions and establish the term “lucid sleep” as the first
description of what was later to become known as hypnosis. His research also
caused Faria to conclude that the process of hypnosis is driven by the activity of
the subject and rooted in the imagination of the same.
Faria was soon to become a cause celebre among those curious of Paris. His
“séances” featured the use of suggestion, auto-suggestion and post-hypnotic
suggestion. He pursued these public events for the sake of research, but it’s
undeniable that his audiences were both fascinated and amused. Abbe Faria
was, in fact, the first hypnotist to take to the stage. But it wasn’t long before the
world caught up with this unusual and pioneering monk.
The Catholic clergy began to denounce his work as emanating from “the Devil”. 
The public denunciations led to a decline in public interest and the eventual
retreat of Faria to cloistered religious life. It was at this time he was to write his
famous work, On the Cause of Lucid Sleep. Published in 1819, the book refutes
Mesmer’s concept of animal magnetism and stands as the first published work to
identify the power of suggestion and the willingness of the subject to submit to
it, as the basis of what we now understand as hypnosis. Faria was to die the year
his pioneering work was published.

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