Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

 

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Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons 
QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS 
FunEnglishwithme [phone] 
TEST 5 – Automobile’s History 
The start of the automobile’s history went all the way back to 1769 when automobiles running on the 
steam engine were invented as carriers for human transport. In 1806, the first batch of cars powered by an 
internal combustion engine came into being, which pioneered the introduction of the widespread modem 
petrol-fueled internal combustion engine in 1885. 
It is generally acknowledged that the first practical automobiles equipped with petrol / gasoline-
powered internal combustion engines were invented almost at the same time by different German inventors 
who were Working on their own. 
Karl Benz first built the automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz attained a patent for his invention on 
29 January 1886, and in 1888, he started to produce automobiles in a company that later became the 
renowned Mercedes-Benz.
As this century began, the automobile industry marched into the transportation market for the wealth. 
Drivers at that time were an adventurous bunch; they would go out regardless of the weather condition even 
if they weren’t even protected by an enclosed body or a convertible top. Everybody in the community knew 
who owned what car, and cars immediately became a symbol of identity and status. Later, cars became more 
popular among the public since it allowed people to travel whenever and wherever they wanted. Thus, the 
price of automobiles in Europe and North America kept dropping, and more people from the middle class 
could afford them. This was especially attributed to Henry Ford who did two crucial things. First, he set the 
price as reasonable as possible for his cars; second, he paid his employees enough salaries so that they could 
afford the cars made by their very own hands. 
The trend of interchangeable parts and mass production in an assembly line style had been led by 
America, and from 1914, this concept was significantly reinforced by Henry Ford. This large-scale, 
production-line manufacture of affordable automobiles was debuted. A Ford car would come off all 
assembled from the line every 15 minutes, an interval shorter than any of the former methods. Not only did 
it raise productivity, but also cut down on the requirement for manpower. Ford significantly lowered the 
chance of injury by carrying out complicated safety procedures in production particularly assigning workers 
to specific locations rather than giving them the freedom to wander around. This mixture of high wages and 
high efficiency was known as Fordism, which provided a valuable lesson for most major industries. 
The first Jeep automobile that came out as the prototype Bantam BRC was the primary light 4-wheel-
drive automobile of the U.S. Army and Allies, and during World War II and the postwar period, its sale 
skyrocketed. Since then, plenty of Jeep derivatives with similar military and civilian functions have been 
created and kept upgraded in terms of overall performance in other nations. 
Through all the 1950s, engine power and automobile rates grew higher, designs evolved into a more 
integrated and artful form, and cars were spreading globally. In the 1960s, the landscape changed as Detroit 
was confronted with foreign competition. The European manufacturers, used the latest technology, and 
Japan came into the picture as a dedicated car-making country. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford dabbled 
with radical tiny cars such as the GM A-bodies with little success. As joint ventures such as the British 
Motor Corporation unified the market, captive imports and badge imports swept all over the US and the UK. 
BMC first launched a revolutionary space-friendly Mini in 1959, which turned out to harvest large global 
sales. 
Previously remaining under the Austin and Morris names, Mini later became an individual marque in 
1969. The trend of corporate consolidation landed in Italy when niche makers such as Maserati, Ferrari, and 
Lancia were bought by larger enterprises. By the end of the 20th century, there had been a sharp fall in the 
number of automobile marques. 
In the US, car performance dominated marketing, justified by the typical cases of pony cars and 
muscle cars. However, in the 1970s, everything changed as the American automobile industry suffered from 
the 1973 oil crisis, competition with Japanese and European imports, automobile emission-control 

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