Ielts reading question-type based tests true false not given matching headings

 
A. 
"Calling all. This is our last cry before our eternal silence.” Surprisingly this message, which flashed over 
the airwaves in the dots and dashes of Morse code on January 31st 1997, was not a desperate transmission 
by a radio operator on a sinking ship. Rather, it was a message signal-ling the end of the use of Morse code 
for distress calls in French waters. Since 1992 countries around the world have been decommissioning their 
Morse equipment with similar (if less poetic) sign-offs, as the world's shipping switches over to a new 
satellite-based arrangement, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. The final deadline for the 
switch-over to GMDSS is February 1st, a date that is widely seen as the end of art era. 
 
B. 
The code has, however, had a good history. Appropriately for a technology commonly associ-ated with 
radio operators on sinking ships, the idea of Morse code is said to have occurred to Samuel Morse while he 
was on board a ship crossing the Atlantic, At the time Morse Was a painter and occasional inventor, but 
when another of the ships passengers informed him of recent advances in electrical theory, Morse was 
suddenly taken with the idea of building an electric telegraph to send messages in codes. Other inventors had 
been trying to do just that for the best part of a century. Morse succeeded and is now remembered as "the 
father of the tele-graph" partly thanks to his singlemindedness it was 12 years, for example, before he 
secured money from Congress to build his first telegraph line—but also for technical reasons. 
 
C. 
Compared with rival electric telegraph designs, such as the needle telegraph developed by William 
Cooke and Charles Wheatstone in Britain, Morses design was very simple: it required little more than a 
"key” (essentially, a springloaded switch) to send messages, a clicking “sounder" to receive them, and a 
wire to link the two. But although Morses hardware was simple, there was a catch: in order to use his 
equipment, operators had to learn the special code of dots and dashes that still bears his name. Originally, 
Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots and dashes to represent individual letters. His first 
code, sketched in his notebook during that transatlantic voyage, used dots and dashes to represent the digits 
0 to 9. Morses idea was that messages would consist of strings of numbers corresponding to words and 
phrases in a special numbered dictionary. But Morse later abandoned this scheme and, with the help of an 
associate, Alfred Vail, devised the Morse alphabet, which could be used to spell out messages a letter at a 
time in dots and dashes. 

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