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F use praise in order to make children compliant
G take the children to school at a early age
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage? In
boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet
,
write
TRUE
if the statement is true
FALSE
if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN
if the information is not given in the passage
36. Socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the beginning of it.
37. Many parents were difficult to be aware of the compliance or noncompliance.
38. Noncompliant Children are simple to deal with the relationship with the people in the
same age when they are growing up.
39. Experts never tried drilling compliance into children.
40. Psychologist Paul Edith negated the importance that knowing how to praise children
in an encouraged way.
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Reading Test 2
SECTION 1
Plant Scents
A
Everyone is familiar with scented flowers, and many people have heard that floral odors
help the plant attract pollinators. This common notion is mostly correct, but it is surprising
how little scientific proof of it exists. Of course, not all flowers are pollinated by biological
agents
— for example, many grasses are wind- pollinated—but the flowers of the grasses
may still emit volatiles. In fact, plants emit organic molecules all the time, although they
may not be obvious to the human nose. As for flower scents that we can detect with our
noses, bouquets that attract moths and butterflies generally smell “sweet,” and those that
attract certa
in flies seem “rotten” to us.
B
The release of volatiles from vegetative parts of the plant is familiar, although until
recently the physiological functions of these chemicals were less clear and had received
much less attention from scientists. When the trunk of a pine tree is injured- for example,
when a beetle tries to burrow into it- it exudes a very smelly resin. This resin consists
mostly of terpenes
—hydrocarbons with a backbone of 10
,
15 or 20 carbons that may
also contain atoms of oxygen. The heavier C20 terpenes, called diterpenes, are glue-like
and can cover and immobilize insects as they plug the hole. This defense mechanism is
as ancient as it is effective: Many samples of fossilized resin, or amber, contain the
remains of insects trapped inside. Many other plants emit volatiles when injured, and in
some cases the emitted signal helps defend the plant. For example,(Z)_3_ hexenyl
acetate, which is known as a “green leaf volatile” because it is emitted by many plants
upon injury, deters females of the moth Heliothis virescens from laying eggs on injured
tobacco plants. Interestingly, the profile of emitted tobacco volatiles is different at night
than during the day, and it is the nocturnal blend, rich in several (Z) 3_hexen_i-olesters,
that is most effective in repelling the night-active H. virescens moths.
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