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many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet, across
the globe, plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are
discovered.
G The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much
higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The
Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild, it
won’t be lost forever.
Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or destroyed environment or in
scientific research to find new benefits for society in medicine, agriculture or local industry
that would otherwise be lost.
H Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world's plant heritage for the future,
explains Dr Paul Smith, another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were
originally developed by farmers/' he says. “Storage is the basis what we do, conserving
seeds until you can use them
just as in farming." Smith says there’s no reason why any
plant species should become extinct, given today’s technology. But he admits that the
biggest challenge is finding, naming and categorising all the world's plants. And someone
has to gather these seeds before it's too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing
this," he says” The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge
takes years to acquire."
I There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe, with a combined total of
5.4 million samples, of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most
preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order to ensure crop diversity; others aim
to conserve wild species, although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild.
J Imperial College, London, examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that
while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries, budget
had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The
UN’s Food and
Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural