Ijpsr (2009), Issue 1, Vol

Neuroendocrine Tumors: Neuroendocrine tumors form from cells that release hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system. It forms from those cells which release hormones in blood in response to signal from the nervous system. These tumors, which can create higher-than-normal amounts of hormones, will cause many various symptoms. It may be either benign or malignant.
How it Begins: There are several steps by which cancer begins in the body: ¹⁶

1. 
   Cell Changes and Cancer: Our body is made up of small units called cells and more than 100,000,000,000,000 cells combine to makes our body. All types of cancer firstly start in cells by changes. Usually, our body has the right number of cells because the cell produces signals. if any signal is missing than cells may start to multiply unnecessarily and make a lump which also called a tumor. But there are also other types of cancer which start from different pathways like blood cells this cancer is called leukemia, and they not make a solid lump.
   
2. 
   Genes and Cell Division: Our body has different cells for a different job, but they all are similar. They all have nuclei that control the cell and the nucleus contains chromosomes which are made up of thousands of genes. A long string of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) called genes, which
   

contain a coded message which tells the cell how to behave or divide. When the right time occurs for cell division, the cells divide and make the exact similar copies of them. One cell divides into 2 identical cells, and then 2 cells divide into 4, and so on.



FIG. 1: CELL DIVISION

3. 
   Gene Changes within Cells (Mutations): When a cell is dividing mainly, a mutation occurs in this step but also by the chemical changes which are coming from outside like tobacco smoke, and it is happening by chance. Mutation means the gene is copied twice, damaged or lost. The meaning of mutation is that the cells are not growing by its instructions, and grow unnecessarily. Mutation of genes may mean that a cell stops producing proteins that require cell division and may produce too many proteins by which the cell division occurs rapidly and form lump or tumor, the tumor is made up of millions of cancer cells.
   
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