Икт в реализации системы контроля, оценки и мониторинга учебных достижений

CONSONANTS

b) the letter ʒ was pronounced in 3 ways.

• as the voiced velar plosive variant [g] at the beginning of the word, before back vowels (a, o, u) and consonants, in the middle of the word after n:

[g] – ʒōd, ʒrētan, ʒanʒan

• as the voiced velar fricative variant [ɣ] in the middle of the word after back vowels and consonants [r, l]:

[ɣ] – daʒas, sloʒ, sorʒ, folʒan

• as the voiced palatal fricative variant [j] before and after front vowels:

[j] – ʒēār, dæʒ

CONSONANTS

4. Double consonants were read as long: settian [t:], steppan [p:].

5. Instead of doubled ʒ, cʒ was written: lecʒan [g’:] (положить)

6. The prefix ʒe- was read as [je] and did not influence the pronunciation of the following consonant: ʒeseʒlian [je 'sejlian].

2. Phonetic Changes in Old English Vowels.

The phonetic changes in the vowels system were qualitative (качественные) and quantitative (количественные).

The qualitative changes are

*fracture (breaking) (преломление)

*palatalization (палатализация)

*mutation/umlaut (умлаут)

FRACTURE

OE fracture is diphthongization of short vowels before certain consonant clusters (кластеры, группы).

• æ >ea before ‘r +consonant’, ‘l+consonant’, ‘h+consonant’ and before final h:

ærm>earm ‘arm’, æld>eald ‘old’, æhta>eahta ‘eight’, sæh>seah ‘saw’.

FRACTURE

• e>eo before the clusters ‘r, l, h+consonant’, and h final:

herte>heorte ‘heart’, melcan>meocan ‘milk’(v), selh>seolh ‘seal’, feh>feoh ‘cattle’, ‘property’.