44
more fragmented and not as straightforward as in Van Gennerp's analysis.
The Keep portrays
Danny's rite of passage, which begins with his journey to the castle and ends when the paranoia,
the
worm, finally takes a hold of him.
Beville states that “literary postmodernism expands to examine the self as alienated from the
community and also from itself” (46). This postmodern sense of alienation is manifested in Danny,
as he is a part of a community whenever he is able to be online or talk on the phone, but the minute
the
connection disappears, so does his circle of friends. When considering this,
the people in
Danny's life are only “ghosts” from some other dimension, and it is only possible for him to reach
them via his technological devices. Relating to this idea, Lyotard has stated how in modern Gothic
fiction “postmodern metanarratives fragment, boundaries collapse, systems of difference unravel.
Ghosts become ordinary figures for the operations of new technologies and their hallucinatory,
virtual effects” (Lyotard, quoted in Botting's
Limits of Horror: Technology, Bodies, Gothic, 10).
One notable passage in the novel, which relates to modern technologies, is when Howard
claims that “It [a mobile phone] could almost
be your brain, you know? The machines are so small
now, and using them is so easy – we're a half step away from telepathy” (Egan 128). This passage
ties the novel to the supernatural
tradition of Gothic fiction, as new phone technologies are
compared with telepathy
. However, in this case ghosts are not actual terrors that appear at night, but instead creations
of modern technology
.
Howard's statement could also be seen to mimic the fear of technology and
its rapid development, where it is difficult for people to keep up with the newest inventions. Due to
their nature, technology and science are also often featured in postmodern fictions.
Beville gives two examples of the kind of merging of the ghost and the electronic media
device in her study, as she mentions the movies
The Ring (Verbinski, 2002) and
White Noise (Sax,
2002) (180). Both of these popular Hollywood movies feature technical devices that can be used to
either
communicate with ghosts, or as a “portal” for them to access this world. According to