Improve Your Communication Skills, 2nd Edition


• an  information source



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Improve Your Communication Skills Present with Confidence; Write with Style; Learn Skills of Persuasion ( PDFDrive )

• an 
information source
, which produces a message;
• a 
transmitter
, which encodes the message into signals;
• a 
channel
, to which signals are adapted for 
transmission;
• a 
receiver
, which decodes the message from the signal
and
• a 
destination
, where the message arrives.
They introduced a sixth element, 
noise:
any interference with the 
message travelling along the channel (such as ‘static’ on the 
telephone or radio) that might alter the message being sent. A 
final element, feedback, was introduced in the 1950s.
( c) 2011 Kogan Page L imited, All Rights Reserved.


3 What is Communication?
For the telephone, the channel is a wire, the signal is an electrical 
current, and the transmitter and receiver are the handsets. Noise 
would include crackling from the wire. Feedback would include 
the dialling tone, which tells you that the line is ‘live’.
In a conversation, my brain is the source and your brain is the 
receiver. The encoder might be the language I use to speak with 
you; the decoder is the language you use to understand me. Noise 
would include any distraction you might experience as I speak. 
Feedback would include your responses to what I am saying: 
gestures, facial expressions and any other signals I pick up that 
give me some sense of how you are receiving my message.
We also apply the transmission metaphor to human 
communication. We ‘have’ an idea (as if it were an object). We 
‘put the idea into words’ (like putting it into a box); we try to ‘put 
our idea across’ (by pushing it or ‘conveying’ it); and the ‘receiver’ 
– hopefully – ‘gets’ the idea. We may need to ‘unpack’ the idea 
before the receiver can ‘grasp’ it. Of course, we need to be careful 
to avoid ‘information overload’.
The transmission model is attractive. It suggests that 
Figure 1.1 
The Shannon–Weaver transmission model of 
communication
source
encoder
feedback
noise
decoder
receiver
channel
message
( c) 2011 Kogan Page L imited, All Rights Reserved.



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