Introduction 2

CHAPTER I. SPEECH ERRORS AND GUIDELINES FOR THEIR ELIMINATION

It is necessary to correct speech mistakes made by students in oral and written speech in time. Let the students learn the correct version of the mistake they made, and if possible, consciously understand the reasons for this mistake. The most effective way to correct errors in elementary school students is to have the student correct their own mistakes, unless the student is unable to correct his or her own mistakes. , then the student's error is corrected with the help of the teacher. Errors are corrected depending on the type: a sentence or a phrase is restructured, a word is replaced by another, a necessary word is added, the excess is crossed out [2].

In elementary grades, the second part of the lesson - 20-25 minutes - is allocated for the purpose of working on mistakes in the essay or statement analysis lesson. In this, the teacher gives the students brief information about how they wrote the essay or statement. He should take the best written essay or statement from the written work of the students and read it to the students. The purpose of this is to give readers an idea of how much the topic is revealed in the best written essay or statement sample, the correct construction of sentences and phrases, the correct choice of words and attention to spelling mistakes. is to give After reading the best essay or statement sample, we get the most mistakes or poorly structured sentences, sentences and get a structured essay sample and read the students a poorly structured sentence. we give or write on the board. Pupils find the error in this sentence by themselves and make the correct version together. Words written contrary to spelling mistakes are also processed in the same order.⁴
Individual mistakes made by some students are corrected during extra training outside of class. It is important to achieve the intellectual activity of children, that is, not only to understand what the mistake is, but also to correct and explain it, both in an individual conversation with the student and in the process of working as a team in the class.
Speech activity is a manifestation of national-spiritual culture in its own way. Because in every nation, based on the norms of centuries-old speech culture, expressing an opinion is a fine art [3].
Reading the text and retelling it is also very important in speech errors and their elimination. Reading a fairy tale, a story given in kindergarten, and retelling it in parts has an incomparable role in developing the students' speech and strengthening their memory in order to give a coherent account of the sequence of events. When retelling a story, the student first of all relies on his memory and makes up his own sentences. This is how we can work on students' speech mistakes and correct them.⁵
Lexical and stylistic errors are more common in elementary grades. There are several reasons why such errors occur:
1. Influence of local dialect or family.
2. Repeated use of one word in a speech due to lack of vocabulary.
3. Influence of "street language".
4. Not seriously monitoring students' oral speech in class and extracurricular activities in all subjects, neglecting sentence structure.
5. Not being able to use the word in its proper place due to not understanding the meaning of the word or the coloring in the meaning.
6. Speech of a teacher who does not pay attention to the norms of literary language [4].
A number of factors contribute to the formation of the speech of elementary school students who have not yet received full education, and there are also factors that affect the fluency of their speech. One of these is the influence of the family. That is, in our daily life, in the process of communication in the family circle, improper use of words and more use of dialectal words will affect the formation of the child's speech. The more fluently and following the standards of literary language the family members speak, the more fluent and flawless the child's speech will be. Due to the lack of vocabulary, children often make speech mistakes, especially in written speech. In this case, the student repeatedly uses the same word in the passage and it turns out to be a speech insanity. In order to eliminate such mistakes, conducting more reading activities outside the classroom, working on vocabulary, and the teacher paying special attention to the speech of each student during the lesson will give effective results. In extracurricular activities, students read various fairy tales, stories, and parables. It expands their worldview, shapes their speech and has a good result in improving their written speech as well. In a new story, fairy tale or parable, words that are difficult for students to understand or unfamiliar to students are separated and their meaning is explained, the vocabulary of students increases and as a result, one word is useful again and again. In elementary school, working on mistakes and eliminating them is an educational and educational activity, and it is the main stage in the formation of students' speech culture.⁶