diet modifications eg avoid high-sodium foods, caffeine, chocolate, and other stimulants
aim- to modify harmful behaviours & thoughts using “deconditioning” technique
aim- to modify harmful behaviours & thoughts using “deconditioning” technique
reduces arousal levels via relaxation therapy &changing –ve thoughts through cognitive therapy.
Goebel et al 20 confirm the long-term benefits of CBT for tinnitus.
Based on neurophysiological model.
Based on neurophysiological model.
Conditioned reflexes involving connections of auditory with limbic & ANS are retrained such that the subconscious part of auditory pathway blocks the tinnitus signal.
Acoustic input with unimportant information is ignored(habituation)
Inducing & sustaining habituation of conditioned reflexes removes –ve impact of tinnitus
Goal-train CNS to interpret tinnitus as unimportant & ignore it.
Goal-train CNS to interpret tinnitus as unimportant & ignore it.
Has 2 components:-
-intensive direct counselling.
-sound therapy using sound generators which emit low level broad band noise.
Not masking-cant habituate a signal that cannot be detected.
Jastreboff 21 reported success in over 80% of his cases.
control or habituate to the perceived ringing and the subsequent distress.
control or habituate to the perceived ringing and the subsequent distress.
Biofeedback therapy-listens to audio signal from EMG of frontalis muscle
reduces perceived ringing &muscle tension
strategies to self-manage their tinnitus.
Relaxation therapies -focus pt’s attention away from the sound;psychologically improving symptoms.
PET /fMRI help in research into the mechanisms and hence treatment of tinnitus.
PET /fMRI help in research into the mechanisms and hence treatment of tinnitus.
Transcranial DC Stimulation(tDCS)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation.
difficult to study and treat -no objective tools to quantify and measure.
difficult to study and treat -no objective tools to quantify and measure.
no therapeutically successful treatment in terms of medium or long term remission
no universally accepted therapies for managing tinnitus
interactions among the auditory, cognitive, affective, and mental health issues.
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