Jude the Obscure (Oxford World's Classics)



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Jude the Obscure

Graphic
) published in volume
form.
Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Act.
Irish Home Rule Act.
 The Woodlanders (previously
serialized in Macmillan’s
Magazine
) published in
volume form. Hardy begins to
visit London for ‘the Season’.
Visit to Italy.
Victoria’s Golden Jubilee
 Wessex Tales. Visit to Paris.
Matthew Arnold dies.
Chronology
xxxiv


Life
Historical and Cultural Background

London dock strike.
Robert Browning dies.
William Booth, Life and Labour of the
People in London
(exhaustive documentary
account) starts publication
G. B. Shaw, Fabian Essays on Socialism
Ibsen, A Doll’s House staged in London
Gissing, The Nether World

Decline of the circulating libraries and the
death of the three-volume novel. William
Morris founds the Kelmscott Press.
Housing of the Working Classes Act.
Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray
Ibsen, Hedda Gabler
 Tess of the d’Urbervilles
(previously serialized in
censored form in The Graphic)
published in volume form. It
simultaneously enhances his
reputation as a novelist and
causes a scandal because of its
advanced views on sexual
conduct. A Group of Noble
Dames
(tales) also published.
 Hardy’s father, Thomas, dies.
Serialized version of The
Well-Beloved
, entitled The
Pursuit of the Well-Beloved
,
published in the Illustrated
London News
. Hardy’s
estrangement from Emma
increases.
Death of Alfred Tennyson.
Wilde, Lady Windermere’s Fan
Rudyard Kipling, Barrack-Room Ballads
– Our Exploits at West Poley,
a long tale for boys, published
in an American periodical,
The Household
. Serial version
of The Pursuit of the
Well-Beloved
––virtually a
di
fferent novel from the later
book version.
 Meets Florence Henniker,
one of several society women
with whom he had intense
friendships. Collaborates with
her on The Spectre of the Real
(published 
).
Keir Hardie sets up the Independent
Labour Party.
Wilde, A Woman of No Importance
Chronology
xxxv


Life
Historical and Cultural Background
 Life’s Little Ironies (tales).
Kipling, The Jungle Book
 Jude the Obscure appears in
volume form: a savage attack
on marriage which worsens
relations with Emma.
Serialized previously
in Harper’s New Monthly
Magazine
in bowdlerized
form. It receives both
eulogistic and vitriolic
reviews. The latter are a factor
in his ceasing to write novels.
Oscar Wilde jailed for homosexual
o
ffences; serves three years. The first
Bristol electric tramway.
Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest
H. G. Wells, The Time-Machine

Locomotive on the Highways Act (car
speed maximum 
 m.p.h.). Death of
William Morris.
Wells, The Island of Dr Moreau
– First collected edition: the
Wessex Novels (
 volumes).
This includes the 
first book
edition of Jude the Obscure.
 The Well-Beloved, a newly
rewritten version of the 

serial, added to the Wessex
Novels as volume XVII. From
now on he only publishes the
poetry he has been writing
since the 
s.
Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee.
Existing su
ffrage organizations unite as
National Union of Women’s Su
ffrage
Societies.
Havelock Ellis, Sexual Inversion
 Wessex Poems and Other
Verses
. Hardy and Emma
continue to live at Max Gate
but are now estranged and
‘kept separate’.
Germany begins the building of a large
battle 
fleet. Britain responds by doing the
same. Wilde released from prison.
Wilde, The Ballad of Reading Gaol
–
Boer War in South Africa over the
Transvaal gold mines; Britain crushes the
Boers.

Labour Representation Committee set up
to get Labour candidates into Parliament.
Wilde and Ruskin die.
 Poems of the Past and the
Present
(post-dated 
).
Victoria dies and is succeeded by Edward
VII.
 Macmillan becomes his
publisher.
James, The Wings of the Dove

First manned 
flight by Wright brothers in
the USA. Motor Car Act raises speed limit
to 
 m.p.h.
James, The Ambassadors

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