INTRODUCTION
The high potential of milk production
Holstein cows has led to its domination in many
parts of the world due to the high productive
potential and good adaptive features (Dechow et
al., 2007; Heins and Hansen, 2012). Given this
fact, breeders often ignore the functional features
of Holsteins, which have led to a further decline
in productivity of matured cows, deterioration of
health, and hence additional costs for veterinary
measures, problems with reproduction, and the
duration of economic use (longevity). All these
reduces the productive advantages of the Holstein
breed.
Recently, global interest in crossbreeding has
increased due to the improvement of the
functional state of local domestic cows and the
composition of milk components (Dezetter et al.,
2015). Other aspects such as the suitability of
milk for production of certain types of products
and also the resistance of cows to metabolic and
non-infectious diseases affect the increasing use
of this breeding direction in many developed
countries (Heins et al., 2012).The most common
breeds used to improve reproduction, longevity,
and qualitative composition of milk in the United
States are Brown Swiss, Jersey, Montbeliarde,
Ayrshire, however, in the countries of the
European Union, besides those are also used the
Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish Red breeds.
Moreover, one of the criteria of the milk
quality as a feedstock is its suitability for the
further processing (Reykdal et al., 2011;
Guetouache et al., 2014). Likewise, the qualitative
composition of milk is due to genetic factors
(species, breed, line) and at the same time
depends on paratype factors: age, lactation stage,
type of feeding, season, and climatic conditions
(Li et al., 2007; Appuhamy et al., 2011; Ghassemi
et al., 2017). Along with the main qualitative
parameters of milk such as fat, protein, lactose
and dry matter, its fatty acid, amino acid and
mineral composition, as well as pro- and
antioxidant properties are equally important (Wu
and Knabe, 1994; Bates and Prentice, 1996;
Fuente et al.,1997; Liang et al., 2018)).
Knowledge of these indicators is a key factor for
determining of the suitability of milk for
processing into certain types of products (Zurera-
Cosano et al., 1994; Bos et al., 2003; Stojanovska
et al., 2018). Therefore, the aim of this study was
to analyze the mineral composition of milk, the
amino acid composition of milk protein, and the
productivity per 305 days of lactation in crossbred
cows compared to pure-breed local Ukrainian
analogues.
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