cinematic apparatus the mode of representation adopted by mainstream cinema which constructs a particular viewing position for the spectator that embodies within it the dominant ideology of society. The term reflected particular concerns of film theory in the 1970s. mmo
closed text SEMIOLOGY/SEMIOTICS n. a text whose meaning is not open to interpretation can be described as a closed text. The term is associated with the work of the Italian semiotician and literary theorist, Umberto Eco, in which special emphasis is given to the role of the reader in completing the meaning of the work (which may, for instance, be a novel, poem, piece of music, legal text, scientific account). Some works – closed texts – limit by design the kinds of meaning that the reader may discern in them. Examples might be legal or scientific texts. Eco, however, had a particular interest in the work of art as an ‘open work’, which he described as a dynamic ‘work in movement’, effectively open to an unlimited range of interpretations and possible readings. => open text. mmo
