6. The Renaissance Period.
In England, as in all European countries, this period was marked by significant developments in science, art and culture and, also, by a revival of interest in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome and their languages. Hence, there ntellig a considerable number of Latin and Greek borrowings. They were mostly abstract words (e.g. major, minor, filial (дочерний, сыновний), moderate (умеренный), ntelligent, permanent, to create). There were numerous scientific and artistic terms (datum, status, phenomenon, philosophy, music). Phenomenon, philosophy, method, music, etc. were borrowed into English from Latin and had earlier come into Latin from Greek. Greek Renaissance borrowings are, e.g. atom, cycle, ethics.
The Renaissance was a period of extensive cultural contacts between the major European states. Therefore, it was only natural that new words also entered the English vocabulary from other European languages. The most significant once more were French borrowings. This time they came from the Parisian dialect of French and are known as Parisian borrowings. Examples : regime, routine, police, machine, ballet, matinée (дневное представление), scene, technique, bourgeois, etc.
Italian also contributed a considerable number of words to English, e.g. piano, violin, opera, alarm.
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There are certain structural features which enable us to identify some words as borrowings and even to determine the source language. We have already established that the initial sk usually indicates Scandinavian origin. You can also recognize words of Latin and French origin by certain suffixes, prefixes or endings. (See two tables in the book, pp. 50 – 51).
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