Lecture 10
Homonyms: Words of the Same Form
(pp. 166 – 175)
Which words do we call homonyms?
The traditional classification of homonyms.
The classification of homonyms suggested by Professor A.I.Smirnitsky.
Sources of homonyms.
Homonymy and polysemy.
1. Homonyms are words which are identical in sound and spelling (or, at least, in one of these aspects), but different in their meaning, e.g.: bank, n. – a shore; bank, n. – an institution for receiving, lending, exchanging money.
If groups of synonyms and pairs of antonyms are created by the vocabulary system and can be regarded as the treasury of the language’s expressive resources, homonyms are accidental creations, and therefore purposeless. In the process of communication they are more of an encumbrance, leading sometimes to confusion and misunderstanding.
2. Homonyms which are the same in sound and spelling are traditionally termed homonyms proper: spring – весна, spring – пружина, spring – источник, родник.
The second type of homonyms is called homophones – these are words the same in sound but different in spelling: night – ночь, knight – рыцарь; peace – мир, piece – кусок, right – правый, write – писать, rite – обряд.
The third type of homonyms is called homographs. These are words which are the same in spelling but different in sound: bow – лук, bow – поклон; tear n –слеза, tear v –рвать; wind n – ветер, wind v – заводить часы.
3. Professor A.I.Smirnitsky classified homonyms into two large classes: I. Full lexical homonyms, II. Partial homonyms.
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