1.3 Characteristics of Management : 1.3.1 Management is a group activity : It is a group activity. Nobody can satisfy all his desires himself. Therefore he unites which
his fellow- beings and works in an organized group to achieve what he cannot achieve individually.
Massie has rightly called management as a “ Co-operative group “.
1.3.2 Management is Goal - oriented : According to
Theo Haiman “ Effective management is always management by objectives."
Group efforts are directed towards the achievements of some predetermined goals. Mangement
is concerned with establishment and accomplishment of these objectives.
1.3.3 Management is a factor of Production : Management is not an end in itself. It is a means to achieve the group objectives. It is a
factor of production that is required the co-ordinate with the other factors of production for the
accomplishment of predetermined goals and objectives.
1.3.4 It is a Universal Character : Management is essential in all types of concerns. It somewhere there is some human
activity, management is must there. The basic principles of management are universal. These
can be applied in all types of concerns i.e. business, social, religious, cultural, sports, educational
a International technology.
1.3.5 Management is needed at all levels of the enterprise : On the basis of the nature of work or target and the scope of authority, management is
needed at all levels of the organisations e.g., top level, middle level and supervisor level.
1.3.6 It is a distinct function : Management is a distinct function performed to fix and achieve stated objectives by the
use of manpower and other factors of production. Different from the activities, techniques and
procedures, the process of management consists of such functions as planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating, motivating and controlling.
