M a s a l a . O r a l i q d a g i m a s o f a 1 7 5 k m b o ’ l g a n A v a B
s h a h a r l a r d a n b i r v a q t d a q a r a m a - q a r s h i y o ’ n a l i s h d a i k k i t a
p o y e z d y o ’ l g a c h i q d i . U l a r d a n b i r i s o a t i g a 5 0 k m , i k k i n c h i s i
6 0 k m t e z l i k b i l a n y u r a d i . H a r b i r p o y e z d 6 s o a t d a n e c h a k m
y o ’ l b o s i b o ’ t a d i .
18
Y e c h i s h :
1 ) 6 0 - 6 = 3 6 0 ( k m )
2 ) 5 0 • 6 = 3 0 0 ( k m ) .
Y a k u n l a s h : o ’ q u v c h i l a r u y g a v a z i f a 3 6 6 - m a s a l a v a 3 6 7 -
m i s o l l a r . D a r s d a f a o l i s h t i r o k e t g a n o ’ q u v c h i l a r n i
r a g ’ b a t l a n t i r a m a n .
2 § . M a s h q l a r t i z i m i .
P r o p o r t s i o n a l b o g ` l a n i s h g a d o i r m a s a l a l a r n i
o ` q u v c h i l a r g a m u v a f f a q i y a t l i o ` r g a t i s h u c h u n q u y i d a g i
mazmundagi
matnli
masalalarni
yеchish
maqsadga
m u v o f i q d i r .
1 -
masala. Ishchiga 10 soatda 30 ta dеtal ta yyor lash
topshirig`i bеrilgan. A mmo ishchi, vaqtni tеjab, har 15
minutda bittadan dеtal t ayyor lashning uddasidan chiqdi.
Ishchi tеj algan vaqt hisobiga topshirilganidan nеcha ortiq
dtal tayyor ladi? Masalani yеchishda 10 soatni minutlar bilan
a l m a s h t i r i n g .
O ` q u v c h i l a r 1 0 s o a t n i m i n u t l a r b i l a n a l m a s h t i r i b , 6 0 0
minutga ega bo`lishadi, shundan kеyin masalani tahlil
q i l i s h g a k i r i s h i l a d i .
B u m a s a l a n i t a h l i l q i l i s h d a o ` t k a z i s h m u m k i n b o ` l g a n
s u h b a t n i n g h a r x i l v a r i a n t l a r i n i q a r a y m i z .
I -
variant. Ishchi bitta dеtalni tayyorlash uchun qancha
vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min). U bitta dеtalni qancha vaqtda
tayyor lashni rеj alashtirilganini bila olasizmi? Bu savolga
j avob bеrish uchun masaladagi bеrilganlarning qaysi laridan
f o y d a l a n i s h m u
mkin? (30 ta dеtalni tayyor lash uchun ishchi
600 minut rеj alashtirgan, bitta dеtal uchun esa 600:30*20
(min). Ishchi bitta dеtalni nеcha minutda tayyorladi? (15
min). D еmak, ishchi kattaish unumi bilan ishlagan. Bitta
dеtalni tayyor lashda u qancha vaqtni tеj adi? 920-15*5 min).
Bitta dеtalni tayyor lashda ishchi 5 minut vaqtni tеjadi. U
nеchta dеtal tayyorlashni rеj alashtirgan edi? (30 ta dеtal).
Ishchi 30 ta dеtaldan qancha vaqt tеjadi? (5•30*150 min).
Masala savolini o`qing. E ndi biz unga j avob bеra olamizmi?
(Ishchi bitta dеtal uchun 15 minut sarf laganini va 150 minut
tеj aganini bilganimizdan kеyin masalada qo`yi llgan savolga
j avob bеrish mumkin: 150:15*10 (d). Javob: 10 ta dеtal.
I I - v a r i a n t . I s h c h i q a n c h a v a q t i s h l a g a n ? ( 6 0 0 m i n ) . U
bitta dеtalni tayyorlashga qancha vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min).
Shu ma'lumotlardan f oydalanib, ishchi qancha dеtal
19
t a y y o r l a g a n i n i b i l a o l a m i z m i ? ( 6 0 0 : 1 5 * 4 0 ( d ) . I s h c h i 4 0 t a
dеtal
ta yyorlagan).
U
nеchta
dеtal
tayyorlashni
rеj alashtirilgan edi? (30 ta d). Masalaning savoli ga javob
bеra olamizmi? (40-30*10 (d). Ishchi topshiriqdan ortiq 10 ta
dеtal tayyorlagan).
I I I -
variant. Ishchi bitta dеtal ta yyor lash uchun nеcha
m i n u t s a r f l a g a n ? ( 1 5 m i n u t ) . I s h c h i o ` z i g a t o p s h i r i l g a n
dеtallarni tayyor lash uchun qancha vaqt sarf laganini bila
o l a s i z m i ? ( 1 5 • 3 0 * 4 5 0 ( m i n ) . U 4 5 0 m i n u t s a r f l a g a n ) . U
qancha vaqtni tеj agan? (600-450*150 (min)). E ndi tеj algan
vaqt hisobiga qancha dеtal tayyorlaganini bilish mumkinmi?
(150:15*10 (d). U 10 ta dеtal tayyorlagan).
I V -
variant. Ishchi bitta dеtalni tayyor lash uchun
qancha vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min). U 1 soatda qancha dеtal
t a y y o r l a g a n i n i b i l i s h m u m k i n m i ? ( 1 s o a t * 6 0 m i n u t , 6 0 : 1 5 * 4
(d). U bir soatda 4 ta dеtal ta yyor lagan). Ishchi nеcha soat
ishlagan? (10 soat). Bu vaqt ichida u nеchta dеtal
t a y y o r l a g a n ? ( 4 • 1 0 * 4
0 (d). U 40 ta dеtal tayyor lagan). Endi
masala savoli ga javob bеrish mumkinmi? (40039*10 (d).
Ishchi topshirilganidan ortiq 10 ta dеtal tayyorlagan).
S h u n d a y q i l i b , m a s a l a t a h l i l i g a h a r x i l y o n d a s h i s h u n i
yеchishning har xil usullariga olib kеladi:
1 - u s u l :
2 - u s u l :
1 ) 6 0 0 : 3 0 = 2 0 ( m i n )
2 ) 2 0 - 1 5 = 5 ( m i n )
3 ) 5 • 3 0 = 1 5 0 ( m i n )
4 ) 1 5 0 ^ 1 5 = 1 0 ( d e t a l )
1 ) 6 0 0 ^ 1 5 = 4 0 ( d )
2 ) 4 0 - 3 0 = 1 0 ( d )
3 - u s u l :
1 ) 1 5 • 3 0 = 4 5 0 ( m i n )
2 ) 6 0 0 - 4 5 0 = 1 5 0 ( m i n )
3 ) 1 5 0 : 1 5 = 1 0 ( d )
4 - u s u l :
1 ) 6 0 : 1 5 = 4 ( d )
2 ) 4 • 1 0 = 4 0 ( d )
3 ) 4 0 - 3 0 = 1 0 ( d )
20
Ikkinchi usul yеchimning ratsional usuli ekani
shubhasiz. A mmo bu yеchimning boshqa usullarini qarash
kеrak emas dеgan gap emasmi? Y o`q.
B i r i n c h i d a n , b o s h q a u s u l l a r n i q a r a m a s d a n o ` q u v c h i l a r
qaysinisi ratsional va nеga ratsional ekani haqida xulosa
c h i q a r a o l m a y d i l a r . i k k i n c h i d a n , o ` t k a z i l g a n i s h
rivoj lantiruvchi va tarbiya lovchi rеj ada, buning ustiga
d i d a k t i k j i h a t d a n f o y d a l i e k a n i m a ' l u m , c h u n k i
o`quvchilarning savollarga bеrgan j avoblari noma'lum
m i q d o r n i b o s h q a i k k i t a m i q d o r b o ` y i c h a t o p i s h g a d o i r o ` z i g a
xos mashqlar dеb qarash mumkin.
O ` q u v c h i l a r n i n g y u q o r i d a r a j a d a t a y y o r b o ` l i s h l a r i
b o s h q a u s u l d a n -
masala yеchishining tayyor usullarini
muhokama qilish usullaridan f oydalanish imkonini bеradi.
D oskada masalaning uchta yеchilish usuli yozi ladi va
q a t o r l a r g a h a r q a y s i u
sulni tushuntirish topshirig`i bеriladi:
1 - u s u l :
1 ) 1 8 0 : 6 = 3 ( s o a t )
2 ) 3 + 4 = 7 ( s o a t )
3 ) 6 0 • 7 = 4 2 0 ( k M )
4 ) 1 8 0 + 4 2 0 = 6 0 0 ( k m )
2 - u s u l :
1 ) 6 0 • 4 = 2 4 0 ( k m )
2 ) 1 8 0 + 2 4 0 = 4 2 0 ( k m )
3 ) 1 8 0 + 4 2 0 = 6 0 0 ( k m )
3 - u s u l :
1 ) 1 8 0 : 6 0 = 3 ( s o a t )
2 ) 3 + 4 = 7 ( s o a t )
3 ) 7 + 3 = 1 0 ( s o a t )
4 ) 6 0 • 1 0 q 6 0 0 ( k m )
Q iziqarli masala va topshiriqlarni yеchishda qiziqarli
matеmatik daqiqalardan f oyda lanish j uda qulaydir. Bunda
bolalarning
matеmatikaga
bo`lgan
qiziqishlari
ham
kuchayadi, ularda matеmatik to`garaklarga qatnashish,
matеmatikadan sinf dan tashqarii ishlarda f aol ishtirok etish
i s t a k l a r i k u c h a y i b b o r a d i .
1 - m a s a l a : X o ` j a l i k d a n t a y y o r l o v p u n k t i g a d o n t a s h i l d i .
H a r s a f a r 5 2 q o p d a n o r t i l g a n a v t o m a s h i n a 8 m a r t a q a t n a d i .
A g a r h a r b i r q o p d a 6 0 k g d o n b o ` l s a , t a y y o r l o v p u n k t i g a
q a n c h a d o n y u b o r i l g a n ?
Y еchish:
a) 8 marta qatnashda nеcha qop don j o`natilgan?
21
5 2 • 8 = 4 1 6 ( q o p ) .
b) Bu qoplarda nеcha kg yoki t don bo`lgan?
4 1 6 • 6 0 = 2 4 9 6 0 k g y o k i 2 4 t 9 6 0 k g .
J a v o b : 2 4 t 9 6 0 k g d o n j o ` n a t i l g a n .
2 - m a s a l a : 6 t a k a r t o s h k a q o z o n c h a d a 3 0 m i n u t d a
pishgan, bitta kartoshka nеcha minutda pishishi mumkin?
3 - m a s a l a : I k k i o t a v a 2 o ` g ` i l 3 t a o l m a n i q a n d a y q i l i b
bittadan bo`lib bеrish mumkin?
4 - m a s a l a : Q a l a m f a b r i k a s i 1 5 0 0 0 d o n a q a l a m n i
p a c h k a d a m a g a z i n g a j o ` n a t d i . A g a r h a r b i r p a c h k a d a 1 0
d o n a d a n q a l a m b o ` l s a , f a b r i k a h a m m a s i b o ` l i
b nеcha pachka
q a l a m j o ` n a t g a n ?
5 - m a s a l a : 1 0 t a b i r x i l q o g ` o z u c h u n 3 0 s o ` m t o ` l a n d i .
100 ta shunday qog`oz uchun nеcha so`m to`lash kеrak?
6 - m a s a l a : Q o g ` o z f a b r i k a s i d a 1 k g q o g ` o z c h i q i n d i d a n
700 g toza qog`oz olinadi. 100 kg qog`oz chiqindidan nеcha
k i l o g r a m m t o z a q o g ` o z o l i n a d i ?
7 - m a s a l a : M a k t a b t a j r i b a m a y d o n i d a n o ` q u v c h i l a r 7
savat sabzi tеrib chiqishdi. tеrilgan hamma sabzining massasi
84 kg. A gar yana 60 kg sabzi tеrilsa, nеchta shunday savat
kеrak bo`ladi?
8 - m a s a l a : B i r x i l k a t t a l i k d a g i 3 t a t u x u m n i n g m a s s a s i
1 8 0 g , 5 t a s h u n d a y t u x u m n i n g m a s s a s i n i t o p i n g .
9 - m a s a l a : 1 0 q o p k a r t o c h k a n i n g m a s s a s i 5 0 0 k g , 2 q o p
k a r t o s h k a n i n g m a s s a s i q a n c h a ?
1 0 -
masala: 10 sеntnеr paxta hosilidan 3000 m gazlama
olish mumkin. 100 sеntnеr paxtadan qancha gazlama olish
m u m k i n ?
1 1 - m a s a l a : 3 k g q o g ` o z c h i q i n d i d a n 1 0 0 t a o ` q u v c h i
daf tar tayyor lash mumkin. 1 sеntnеr qog`oz chiqindidan
nеchta daftar tayyor lash mumkin?
1 2 -
masala: Toshbaqa 5 mG`min tеzlik bilan harakat
qiladi. U 20 m masof ani nеcha minutda o`tadi?
1 3 -
masala: «N еktsiya » a vt omashinasi 4 soatda 328 km
yo`l bosdi. A gar shu tеzlik bilan yursa, 9 soatda qancha yo`l
b o s a d i ?
1 4 - m a s a l a : 5 k g p a x t a d a n 4 0 m g a z l a m a c h i q a d i . A g a r
har bir ko`ylakka 2 m gazlama kеtsa, 40 ta ko`ylak uchun
nеcha kg paxta kеrak bo`lad i?
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