Mbs reviews vitamin b12 testing report february 2014 table of contents section Page


Systematic literature review for economic evidence



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2.4 Systematic literature review for economic evidence


The research question for the review of economic literature is:

  1. What is the evidence regarding the cost implications associated with vitamin B12 testing compared with not testing?

Consistent with the terms of reference, a formal modelled economic evaluation of lipectomy was not in-scope. The review relied on published costing studies and economic analyses identified through a systematic literature search of the databases shown in Table 2.1. The detailed search strategy and terms used are presented in Appendix 4. Citations were reviewed to identify acceptable evidence including: trial-based costing studies, cost analyses and economic modelling studies. Acceptable outcomes were limited to: cost, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (e.g. cost per event avoided, cost per life year gained, cost per quality adjusted life year or disability adjusted life year).
The results of the search for economic evaluations of vitamin B12 testing are presented in Chapter 6.

3 SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS


This Chapter presents an analysis of the available secondary data (including MBS data) that describes the use of vitamin B12 testing in Australia. When interpreting the data, it is important to keep in mind that the MBS item numbers within scope are for both vitamin B12 and folate testing. It is not possible to separate the data that specifically relates to vitamin B12 testing alone.

3.1 MBS item number usage and expenditure


Figure 3.1 shows the number of claims for each of the MBS vitamin B12/folate testing items over the past 10 years. The number of claims for MBS item 66599 has more than doubled (+119%) from 282,531 in 2003/04 to 618,744 in 2012/13. Over the same timeframe the number of claims for MBS item 66602 has had an even greater increase (+307%) from 522,980 to 2,129,051. The total number of claims for both items has increased over the past ten years from 0.98m to 2.7m.
Figure 3.1: Number of claims for MBS items 66599 and 66602, 2003/04 to 2012/13
Source: Department of Human Services – Medicare Australia
Figure 3.2 shows the benefits paid for MBS items 66602 and 66599 over the past ten years by state. The increase in benefits paid for both items reflects the increase in claims. Benefits paid for MBS item 66599 increased from $5.7m to $12.5m (+120%) whilst benefits for MBS item 66602 increased from $19.2m to $78.5m (+309%). Whilst total benefits increased significantly, the proportion of benefits paid to each state and territory remained relatively constant over the ten-year period.
Figure 3.2: Benefits paid for MBS items 66599 and 66602 by state and territory, 2003/04 to 2012/13
Source: Department of Human Services – Medicare Australia
Figure 3.3 shows that the highest proportion of benefits paid over the past ten years was in New South Wales (NSW) (34% for 66599 and 38% of total for 66602). This was followed by Victoria (30% of total for 66599 and 28% of total for 66602). For MBS item 66602, Queensland had the third highest proportion of claims (19%) followed by Western Australia (8%) and South Australia (5%). This pattern was slightly different for MBS item 66599, with South Australia having the third highest proportion of claims (13%) followed by Queensland (11%) and Western Australia (8%).
Figure 3.3: Proportion of total benefits paid for MBS items 66599 and 66602 by state and territory, July 2003 to June 2013
Source: Department of Human Services – Medicare Australia
To further explore geographical trends in testing, an analysis was conducted of the number of services per capita (i.e. per 100,000 population), according to the address at the time of claiming of the patient to whom the service was rendered. In 2012/13, there were 2,666 claims per 100,000 people enrolled in Medicare across Australia for item 66599 and 9,172 claims per 100,000 people for item 66602 (Table 3.1). South Australia had the highest rate of claiming for item 66599 per capita (3,635 claims per 100,000 population), followed by the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and NSW. The lowest per capita rate of claims for item 66599 was in the Northern Territory (762 claims per 100,000 population). For item 66602, the highest number of claims per capita in 2012/13 was for NSW and Victoria (over 10,000 claims per 100,000 population in both states), while Tasmania had the lowest (less than 4,000 claims per 100,000 population).
Table 3.1: Benefits paid for MBS items 66599 and 66602 by state and territory, 2003/04 to 2012/13

State/




Item

66599













Item

66602




territory

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

NSW

1,922

2,065

2,343

2,635

3,021

7,774

8,299

8,561

9,134

10,401

VIC

1,928

2,052

2,155

2,472

2,918

7,860

8,454

8,435

8,985

10,261

QLD

1,013

961

1,195

1,608

2,050

6,174

6,157

6,787

7,589

8,822

SA

3,034

3,172

3,094

3,327

3,635

4,895

5,015

4,994

5,570

6,483

WA

1,525

1,165

1,329

1,387

1,599

5,025

5,778

5,987

6,021

6,887

TAS

1,910

2,204

2,435

2,522

2,732

3,796

3,630

3,462

3,546

3,947

ACT

2,163

2,285

2,310

2,602

3,046

8,831

8,658

8,191

8,256

9,265

NT

420

555

676

703

762

1,698

1,962

2,329

2,796

4,639

Total

1,773

1,822

2,002

2,286

2,666

6,849

7,243

7,462

7,998

9,172

Source: Department of Human Services – Medicare Australia

* Services per capita (i.e. per 100,000 population) is calculated by dividing the number of services processed in a month by the number of people enrolled in Medicare at the end of that month.


Data relating to the average fee per service and average benefit per service from 2008/09 to 2012/13 are summarised in Table 3.2. The proportion of services bulk billed was high (more than 94% of services) from 2008/09 to 2012/13, which is consistent with the high proportion of out-of-hospital services (approximately 97%).
Table 3.2: Fees charged and benefits paid for MBS items 66599 and 66602, 2008/09 to 2012/13




Item

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

Total

Total number of services

66599

382,241

399,282

447,211

520,688

618,744

2,368,166

66602

1,476,465

1,586,968

1,667,155

1,821,490

2,129,051

8,681,129

Total fees charged

66599

$7,995,258

$8,310,784

$9,225,951

$10,698,027

$12,665,119

$48,895,138

66602

$56,002,248

$60,132,026

$62,715,325

$68,264,085

$79,337,023

$326,450,707

Average fee per service

66599

$20.91

$20.81

$20.63

$20.54

$20.46

$20.64

66602

$37.93

$37.89

$37.62

$37.48

$37.26

$37.60

Total benefits paid

66599

$7,843,976

$8,102,717

$9,061,322

$10,545,169

$12,484,776

$48,037,960

66602

$55,208,644

$58,728,189

$61,669,203

$67,358,102

$78,506,111

$321,470,248

Average benefit per service

66599

$20.52

$20.29

$20.26

$20.25

$20.17

$20.28

66602

$37.39

$37.00

$36.99

$36.97

$36.87

$37.03

Out-of-hospital services

66599

96.8%

97.3%

97.3%

97.4%

97.1%

97.2%

66602

97.5%

97.4%

97.0%

97.2%

97.4%

97.3%

Services bulkbilled

66599

94.2%

94.3%

95.8%

96.0%

96.2%

95.4%

66602

95.3%

93.8%

95.4%

95.7%

96.3%

95.4%

Average OOP cost*

66599

$9.14

$12.33

$13.00

$9.92

$10.26

$10.96

66602

$16.65

$18.17

$20.44

$15.54

$14.34

$17.29

Source: Department of Human Services – Medicare Australia

*Average out-of-pocket cost is equal to ‘fees charged for patient-billed out-of-hospital services’ minus ‘benefits paid for patient-billed out-of-hospital services’ divided by ‘number of patient-billed out-of-hospital services’




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